Suchergebnisse

Conservadorismo Brasileiro e a Nova Direita faz um meticuloso mapeamento histórico das esquecidas raízes ideológicas que nutrem a recente guinada à direita. O livro mostra em detalhe que o pensamento direitista no Brasil é mais antigo do que se lembra, mais brasileiro do que se imagina e mais católico do que parece. De fato, a Nova Direita, em toda a sua diversidade, enquanto às suas premissas inquestionáveis, recorre a uma rica tradição centenária que começou na recristianização integrista-neotomista durante a Primeira República. Esta tradição conservadora brasileira desenvolveu, ao longo do século XX, uma originalidade que, inclusive, antecipou em vários aspectos o debate na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, e foi a sua resiliência que impediu maiores mudanças sociais como reivindicadas por forças progressistas nos anos 1930, 1960 e 1980. Com dois capítulos dedicados a Olavo de Carvalho, como responsável pela ressuscitação do ideário conservador em pleno século XXI, o livro também demonstra como um núcleo católico tradicionalista – embora mais discretamente do que os Evangélicos fundamentalistas – exerce de novo influência sobre o mundo político e está por trás da "guerra cultural" de dessecularizar e reencantar o Brasil atual. Georg Wink é professor de Estudos Brasileiros na Universidade de Copenhague, onde dirige o Centro de Estudos Latino-Americanos.

Since the 1990s, Brazil has experienced a growing public debate about policies of ethnic affirmative action. The arguments invoked by the opponents of affirmative action quotas, expressed in scientific publications, the mass media and even manifestos, have been the subject of study in several research projects. In their analyses, these scholars have concluded that the the anti-quota arguments suffered from logical inconsistency, theoretical and methodological flaws or simple lack of empirical evidence. However, anti-quota rhetoric appears to persist seemingly unaffected by academic counter-arguments, if not in the academic debate, at least in public opinion. This paper argues that the persuasive power of anti-quota arguments derives from the strategic use of specific rhetorical strategies, based on time-proven classical speech imagery that foreground evidence and logic even where speculation and heuristics are the actual foundation. Using methods of Critical Discourse Analysis I will analyze a representative corpus of prominent public discourses against ethnic affirmative action quotas in order to demonstrate how rhetorical strategies are deployed in these texts, showing how they broadly mirror the proposition of a "Rhetoric of Reaction" (Hirschman 1991). These rhetorics, I argue, draw heavily on the myth of "racial democracy" combined with a long-standing national master-narrative of Brazilian exceptionalism, the combination of which masks racial animosity and defers policy action to support ethnic minorities.

In dominant imaginations, French Guiana traditionally fills a position at the extreme margin. From the subaltern perspective from within, complex superpositions of historical, political, and economic as well as ethnic-cultural spaces can be recognized. Postcolonial concepts developed in francophone Caribbean literature are not fully sufficient to describe the highly dynamic migration space in close neighbourhood to economic giant Brazil, whose continentality results in fundamental differences from the islands. With the appropriation of orality and the inclusion of the history of migrants, present Guianan literature is trying to imagine an emancipated Guianan identity, which includes the transcultural spaces and their actors beyond projected borders. Therefore, French Guiana can be considered a paradigmatic laboratory for the negotiation of identifications and representations of fragmented spaces in the sense of postmodern reformulations

Die Formation Brasiliens über ein dynastisches Reich vollzog sich auf einem historischen Sonderweg, der innerhalb des neuweltlichen Kontextes als Abhängigkeit von der Metropole und «Dephasierung» interpretiert wird. In Andersons viel beachteter These von der Nation als imagined community, die es ermöglichte, die neuweltlichen Republiken als Avantgarde der Idealisierung und diskursiven Konstruktion der Nation zu betrachten (creole pioneers), bleibt Brasilien aus diesem Grund als «interessante Ausnahme» ausgeklammert. Die hier unternommene Untersuchung Brasiliens als vorgestellte Gemeinschaft zeigt, dass seit der Kolonialzeit eine auf den brasilianischen Raum bezogene Makronarrative existierte, welche positive Elemente des europäischen Neuweltdiskurses binden und zur Vision eines idealisierten neuen Imperiums formieren konnte. Diese «Brasilienerzählung» orientierte die politische Emanzipation von Europa (als inversão brasileira statt Bruch mit der Metropole) und konstituierte sich als monarchischer Legitimitätsdiskurs in einer Alteritätsbeziehung zu Hispanoamerika. Die Tradition ersetzte in der Gründungsliteratur weitgehend eine nationale Neuschreibung Brasiliens und zeigte sich später sogar mit dem modernisierenden Nationalismusdiskurs der Republik vereinbar. Demnach existierte parallel zu den kreolisch-republikanischen Konstruktionen in Form der traditionellen, kontinuierlichen und integrativen Makronarrative «Brasilien» eine weitere neuweltliche Erzählung mit Pioniercharakter, die ebenfalls gemeinschaftliche Sinnstiftung befördern und die offizielle Legitimitätsgrundlage gleichermaßen von Reich und Nation bilden konnte.

Le courant qualifié de Nouvelle Droite au Brésil
n'est pas aussi nouveau qu'il y paraît. Parmi ses principaux
protagonistes figurent des groupes à orientation catholique
conservatrice qui préservent l'héritage de la TFP – Sociedade
Brasileira de Defesa da Tradição, Família e Propriedade [Société
brésilienne de défense de la tradition, de la famille et de la
propriété] et des associations plus anciennes comme le Centre Dom
Vital des années 1920. Bien que discrètement, les protagonistes de
cette mouvance sont revenus pour agir politiquement au cours de la
dernière décennie et exercer une influence sur le gouvernement
Bolsonaro. À la différence d'autres acteurs de la Nouvelle Droite
comme les militaires et les Églises (néo)pentecôtistes, ils n'ont pas
encore retenu l'attention du monde académique. Sur la base d'un
travail de terrain récent, cet article analyse la formation
idéologique historique des catholiques conservateurs et leur action
politique contemporaine par l'intermédiaire de l'Institut Plínio
Corrêa de Oliveira, du Centre Dom Bosco et de la Ligue du Christ-Roi
ainsi que de la société de production cinématographique Brasil
Paralelo [Brésil parallèle].

"Reflecting on some of Brazil's foremost challenges, this book considers the sometimes porous relationship between legality and illegality in a country that is undergoing significant political and societal change. It brings together work by established scholars from Brazil, Europe and the United States to think through how (il)legalities are produced and represented at the level of institutions, (daily) practice, and culture. Through a transdisciplinary approach, the chapters cover issues including informal work practices (e.g. street vendors), urban squatter movements and (il)legal building in the cities' favelas, migration, strikes and social movements traditionally demonized. Alongside social practices, the volume includes close analyses of cultural practices and cultural production, including migrant literature and indigenous art. The question of (il)legalities that this book explores resonates beyond Brazil's borders, as concepts such as 'lawfare' have crept into vocabularies, and countries the world over grapple with issues such as state interference, fake news, the definition of 'illegal' migration. This is valuable reading for scholars in Brazilian and Latin American Studies, as well as those working in anthropology, sociology, geography and political science."

"Reflecting on some of Brazil's foremost challenges, this book considers the sometimes porous relationship between legality and illegality in a country that is undergoing significant political and societal change. It brings together work by established scholars from Brazil, Europe and the United States to think through how (il)legalities are produced and represented at the level of institutions, (daily) practice, and culture. Through a transdisciplinary approach, the chapters cover issues including informal work practices (e.g. street vendors), urban squatter movements and (il)legal building in the cities' favelas, migration, strikes and social movements traditionally demonized. Alongside social practices, the volume includes close analyses of cultural practices and cultural production, including migrant literature and indigenous art. The question of (il)legalities that this book explores resonates beyond Brazil's borders, as concepts such as 'lawfare' have crept into vocabularies, and countries the world over grapple with issues such as state interference, fake news, the definition of 'illegal' migration. This is valuable reading for scholars in Brazilian and Latin American Studies, as well as those working in anthropology, sociology, geography and political science"--