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The United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) is an international system for classifying minerals and energy resources. This document specifies the UNFC terminology and principles to enable its application to Anthropogenic Resources. Anthropogenic Resources can be found in a variety of sources, including: mine tailings, buildings, infrastructure, consumer goods, and from all the material life cycle stages, including production, use and end-of-life. Therefore, the Specifications will help to manage recovery projects in the circular economy. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and the Expert Group on Resource Classification encourage governments, regulators, industry and universities to apply these Specifications for developing case studies. The Expert Group will welcome a fruitful cooperation to boost circular economy in alignment with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This document was approved by the Expert Group on Resource Classification at its ninth session, 24-27 April 2018 and endorsed by the ECE Committee on Sustainable Energy at its twenty-seventh session, 27 September 2018. The document has been prepared by the Working Group on Anthropogenic Resources, as mandaded by the UNECE Expert Group on Resource Classification in cooperation with the COST Action Mining the European Anthroposphere.

The traditional mining sector uses resource assessments to estimate the mineability of natural resources. The results are communicated to investors, authorities and corporate management boards in a standardized manner, at least on a country level. The recycling sector also requires estimates of recoverable anthropogenic resources. Evidence-based resource assessment, including the selection of parameters for characterising resources and methods for assessing their recoverability, is essential to obtain comparable estimates over time and across scales. Within this report, the COST Action MINEA presents a practical and user-friendly knowledge base for facilitating anthropogenic resource assessments. The fouces is on extractives industry residues, residues in landfills, residues from municipal solid waste incineration as well as construction & demolition waste flows. The key objectives are: To relate current knowledge levels, gaps and future needs to assessments of viability of anthropogenic resource recovery. To review case studies that demonstrate anthropogenic resource assessment in combination with resource classification in order to communicate the viability of anthropogenic resource recovery. We encourage academics, businesses and government organisations to use this report for: designing and developing case studies, future planning, developing standards for characterizing resource quantities and evaluating their recoverability, and collecting and harmonizing resource statistics. ************* The "Mining the European Anthroposphere" (MINEA) is a pan-European expert network, which received funding from the COST Association between 2016 and 2020. The network pools knowledge for estimating the future recoverability of raw materials from anthropogenic resources.