The coastal area of Weh Island is divided into sub-districts (lhok) which are managed by traditional leader known as Panglima Laot. The Panglima Laot has the authority to regulate customary laws that aimed to bring social harmony and resolve conflicts concerning the marine resource use. In Anoi Itam and Ie Meulee of the east coast of Weh Island, the communities have high awareness toward the sustainable of the natural resources use, and this has led to the implementation of gear restrictions and no fishing zones regulations as part of their customary laws. These regulations have generated conflict with the other custom community, because the other custom community claimed that these existing customary regulations do not have legal base regulations. Gap analysis and analytical hierarchy process was used to analyze and describe the regulation that can be used as their optional regulation base. The result indicated that the Weh Island custom community had chosen a marine protected area that managed by community through Panglima Laot adopting regulations that recognised by local government. In the process of implementation, the determination area is a key priority (36.92%) followed by the establishment of management institutions (23.92%), financing (21.19%) and surveillance (17.94%).
Nizam Zachman Fishing Port (PPS Nizam Zachman) is one of fishing ports in Indonesia that implemented traceability and has export-destination to the United States and the European Union. However, previous study showed that documents recording and fish handling activities in the fishing port were poorly managed. Objectives of this study were to identify structure of supply chain, formulate obstacle factors of traceability, and recommend implementation actions of traceability. Data were collected through observation and interviews with longline tuna fishermen and tuna processing entrepreneurs. Subsequently, data were analyzed by applying descriptive and GAP analysis. The results showed that supply chain of tuna fisheries at PPS Nizam Zachman was started from fishermen, fish landing center, and ended at tuna processing industries. Regarding traceability implementation, 83% of activities at the Nizam Zachman fishing port met the standard. However, improvement was still required for documentation process at fishermen and processing phase, in addition to tuna handling procedures. Factors that impede traceability include e-logbooks filling, tuna handling at unloading process; 1) No regular checking on temperature at every 2 hours; 2) slow loading and unloading speed; 3) Fish are exposed to the floor during transportation process, no refrigerated vehicles were used during transportation process, and no electronics documentation. Some actions to overcome traceability implementation problems are: 1) evaluating and monitoring the fishermen activities; 2) doing periodic quality control in the field; 3) managing collaborations between the government and NGOs and tuna fisheries industry associations.Keywords: GAP analysis, supply chain, traceability, tuna export, tuna handling
ABSTRACTHas become a common understanding that fishing is a risky job, so the safety aspects on board is an important factor that must be considered. Fishing vessels should also be supported with design and good stability, so that fishing activities can run smoothly and avoid the danger of accidents. Pole and liner in Bitung is quite varied and the ships were built in traditional dockyard and not based on the calculation and construction planning and design. One of the instruments on fishing vessel operational safety assurance is the implementation of the regulation, both nationally and internationally. At the international level, many regulations governing the safety of the ship in respect of fish. While national regulations relating to the safety of fishing vessels has not been consistent and in harmony, hence the assessment regulations relating to fishing vessel safety improvement needs to be done to determine the extent of the responsibility of government and the extent of the application of the existing rules. The general objective of this study was to determine the safety aspects of pole and line vessels, while the specific goal are: (1) review and analyze to get the quality stability of the ship (2) identify and assess safety-related regulatory review pole and line vessels in Bitung. The results showed that the quality of the stability of the vessel pole and line in the four conditions of the charge distribution in a state of good stability. It is represented by the value of all the parameters that are above the standard value IMO. In the simulated load conditions, the maximum GZ value at the time the vessel is in operation, while the GZ smallest value in an empty load case ship condition. There are seven international policy and five national policies relevant to the safety of fishing vessels. International policies clearly have established the safety of the ship and crew of fishing vessels, but implementation at the national level is still lacking and not aligned.Keywords: pole and liner, quality stability, regulation --- ABSTRAKTelah menjadi pemahaman umum bahwa kegiatan penangkapan ikan merupakan suatu pekerjaan beresiko, sehingga aspek keselamatan diatas kapal merupakan faktor terpenting yang harus diperhatikan. Kapal ikan juga harus didukung dengan desain dan stabilitas yang baik, sehingga kegiatan penangkapan ikan dapat berjalan lancar dan terhindar dari bahaya kecelakaan. Armada kapal pole and line di Bitung cukup bervariasi dan kapal-kapal tersebut dibangun digalangan tradisional yang tidak berdasarkan perhitungan dan perencanaan konstruksi dan desain. Salah satu instrumen dalam jaminan keselamatan operasional kapal ikan adalah pelaksanaan peraturan, baik nasional maupun internasional. Pada tingkat internasional, banyak regulasi yang mengatur berkenaan dengan keselamatan kapal ikan. Sementara peraturan nasional yang berkaitan dengan keselamatan kapal ikan belum sejalan dan selaras, karenanya pengkajian regulasi terkait dengan peningkatan keselamatan kapal ikan perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tanggung jawab pemerintah dan sejauh mana penerapan aturan yang ada. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan aspek keselamatan kapal pole and line, sedangkan tujuan khususnya adalah: (1) mengkaji dan menganalisis untuk mendapatkan kualitas stabilitas kapal (2) mengidentifikasi dan mengkaji tinjauan regulasi terkait keselamatan kapal pole and line di Bitung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas stabilitas kapal pole and line pada empat kondisi distribusi muatan dalam keadaan stabilitas yang baik. Hal ini diwakili oleh nilai semua parameter yang berada di atas nilai standar IMO. Pada kondisi simulasi muatan, nilai GZ maksimum berada pada saat kapal beroperasi, sementara nilai GZ terkecil pada kondisi kapal muatan kosong. Terdapat tujuh kebijakan internasional dan lima kebijakan nasional yang relevan dengan keselamatan kapal ikan. Kebijakan internasional jelas telah menetapkan keselamatan kapal dan awak kapal penangkap ikan, tetapi implementasi di tingkat nasional masih kurang dan belum selaras.Kata kunci: Kapal pole and line, kualitas stabilitas, regulasi
ABSTRACTOne of the main problems in the development of small-scale capture fisheries is their characteristics that vary in each region. Lack of information about the characteristics of small-scale capture fisheries in each region can make intervention by the Government in development programs ineffective. The purpose of this study is to describe the local characteristics of small-scale fisheries in Kayong Utara Regency based on six aspects of fisheries development, namely: natural, human, physical, financial, social and institutional aspects then grouping fishing villages in Kayong Utara Regency according to their characteristics. The method used to group fishing villages was using multi criteria analysis (MCA). The MCA is performed by simple linear evaluation and hierarchical clustering anaylisis. The results showed that the the most important characteristic were human aspect and the lowest was institutional aspect. The fishing villages in North Kayong Regency are grouped into 4 clusters according to their respective character similarities. Cluster 1 consisted 2 fishing villages, namely Dusun Besar and Sutra. In Cluster 2, there were 4 fishing villages, namely Dusun Kecil, Rantau Panjang, Pulau Kumbang, and Mas Bangun. Then cluster 3 there were 4 fishing villages namely Tanjung Satai, Pemangkat, TBS, and TBU. Whereas cluster 4 there were 2 fishing villages namely Riam Berasap and Alur Bandung. Keywords: development, fishing village, intervention, livelihoodABSTRAKSalah satu permasalahan utama dalam pembangunan perikanan tangkap skala kecil adalah karakteristiknya yang berbeda-beda di setiap daerah. Keragaman karakteristik perikanan skala kecil ini dapat membuat intervensi yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam program pembangunan menjadi tidak efektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan karakteristik perikanan tangkap skala kecil di Kabupaten Kayong Utara berdasarkan enam aspek pembangunan perikanan, yaitu: aspek alam, manusia, fisik, keuangan, sosial dan kelembagaan kemudian mengelompokan tipologi desa-desa nelayan di Kabupaten Kayong Utara sesuai dengan kemiripan karakteristiknya. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengelompokkan desa-desa nelayan menggunakan analisis multi kriteria (MCA). MCA dilakukan dengan simple linear evaluation dan hierarchical clustering anaylisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik yang paling unggul adalah aspek manusia dan yang paling lemah adalah aspek kelembagaan. Desa-desa nelayan di Kabupaten Kayong Utara dikelompokkan menjadi 4 klaster sesuai dengan kemiripan karakteristiknya. Klaster 1 terdiri dari 2 desa nelayan, yaitu Dusun Besar dan Sutra. Pada klaster 2 terdapat 4 desa nelayan, yaitu Dusun Kecil, Rantau Panjang, Pulau Kumbang, dan Mas Bangun. Kemudian klaster 3 terdapat 4 desa nelayan yaitu Tanjung Satai, Pemangkat, TBS, dan TBU. Klaster 4 terdapat 2 desa nelayan yaitu Riam Berasap dan Alur Bandung.Kata kunci: desa nelayan, intervensi, mata pencaharian, pembangunan
Stakeholders, who are agents and actors in this matter play an important role in the management of reef fisheries in Wakatobi National Park. This study aims to identify the agents and actors in Wakatobi Regency and to identify similarities and differences of the perception between agents and actors in the management of conservation areas. The method used is Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The result showed that there was a similar perception between agent and actor in which that the conservation gives benefit for the society in Wakatobi and the lack of regulation in Wakatobi Regency. Different perceptions between actors and agents occurred due to fishermen intention to fully utilize the resources for their welfare while the government intents to limit the fishing area in order to preserve the natural resources and the environment. Therefore, management related to the regulation on legal-size of fish and the effectiveness of marine protected areas are needed. Keywords: Stakeholders, Coral Reef, Conservation, WakatobiABSTRAKPemangku kepentingan sangat berperan penting dalam pengelolaan perikanan karang di Taman Nasional Kabupaten Wakatobi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi agen dan aktor yang berada di Kabupaten Wakatobi serta melihat persamaan dan perbedaan persepsi antara agen dengan aktor dalam pengelolaan kawasan konservasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil kajian menunjukkan adanya persamaan persepsi antara agen dan aktor yaitu konservasi memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat yang ada di Wakatobi dan masih kurangnya peraturan di Kabupaten Wakatobi. Perbedaan persepsi pada aktor dan agen karena nelayan ingin memanfaatkan perairan Taman nasional Wakatobi semaksimal mungkin untuk kesejahteraan nelayan sedangkan pemerintah membatasi wilayah penangkapan dalam rangka menjaga sumber daya alam dan lingkungannya sehingga perlu tindakan pengelolaan yaitu penentuan ukuran ikan yang tertangkap dan pengefektifan daerah perlindungan laut.Kata kunci: Pemangku Kepentingan, Perikanan Karang, Konservasi, Wakatobi
Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi mengatasi kemiskinan pada anak buah bagan di Sumatra Barat. Metoda kuantifikasi pendekatan Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan diterapkan di dua kampung nelayan yaitu Sungai Pinang dan Ampang Pulai, di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Wawancara dilakukan pada 52 rumah tangga nelayan yang bekerja di sektor perikanan bagan sebagai anak buah, kapten atau sebagai pemilik bagan. Analisis data menggunakan multi-dimensional scaling berdasarkan pengelompokkan ke dalam enam jenis sumber daya yaitu alam, keuangan, manusia, sosial, kelembagaan dan sumber daya buatan. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pemilik kapal bagan memiliki sumber daya buatan, keuangan dan manusia yang lebih tinggi daripada anak kapal atau buruh tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan untuk sumber daya alam, sosial dan kelembagaan. Lembaga perikanan kurang mendukung semua dari bagan sektor. Program pemerintah cenderung menargetkan pada sumber daya buatan tanpa meningkatkan keuangan dan sumber daya manusia terlebih dahulu. Penelitian ini menghasilkan empat jalan keluar dari kemiskinan yang dihadapi nelayan. In this paper a new methodology of quantifying the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) is presented and applied to two fishing communities, Sungai Pinang and Ampang Pulai, in West Sumatra. Interviews with 52 households from the bagan sector, including crew members, captains and owners, are analysed using a multi dimensional scaling approach according to six asset categories. The analysis demonstrated that owners possess higher physical, financial and human capital than crew members but that there was no difference in the natural, social and institutional fields. Institutional support across all sectors scored poorly. Government programs tend to emphasise bridging the gap between crew members and owners by providing physical capital without necessarily addressing the underlying financial and human capital limitations that crew members face. The paper concludes with an ...
Indonesia has some of the world"s most diverse coral reefs in need of protection. These biodiversity hotspots have attracted international attention and are well described in the literature. However, they are home to only a small portion of the fishing communities in this country. The state of many of the other communities has yet to be studied in depth. As a step in that direction, this paper focuses on fishing communities in mainland West Sumatera and, using data collected by government agencies, defines two indicators that will be useful nationally. The first is a measure of the communities" dependency on fishing as a source oflivelihood, the second a measure of poverty that is appropriate to Indonesian fishing communities. For mainland West Sumatera these parameters identify five areas that are highly dependent on fishing (> 10% employment in fishing) with two of these containing large numbers of fisher households in a state of poverty. These two are Sei Beremas and Sasak Ranah Pasisie in the regency Pasaman Barat. Neither of these are located at well investigated hotspots and further work will be required to identify the underlying reasons for the combination of dependency and poverty found in these places. The methodology described in this paper isapplicable to the ongoing implementation of the national marine spatial planning program. Keywords: fisheries, Indonesia, poverty
