Suchergebnisse

Rethinking police and society : community policing in comparison -- Community policing in a high crime transitional state : the case of South Africa since democratization in 1994 -- Reforming community, reclaiming the state : the development of sungusungu in Northern Tanzania -- Community policing : the case of informal policing in Nigeria -- The French centralized model of policing : to control the citizens -- Community policing in Belgium : the vicissitudes of the development of a police model -- Patterns of community policing in Britain -- Community policing in the United States : social control through image management -- Fit for purpose : working with the community to strengthen policing in Victoria, Australia -- A Chinese theory of community policing -- The police, community, and community justice institutions in India -- Community policing and police reform in Latin America

Explanations of protest policing have neglected the "spotlight of the media." Based on data on repression and its media coverage in four Swiss cities from 1965 to 1994, our findings suggest that the mass media do have an impact on levels and forms of repression, along with political opportunity dimensions and levels of disruption. We identify two mechanisms. First, we show that the symbolic battles waged by protest groups and their outcomes affect the level of repression these groups face. More specifically, depending on whether the civil-rights or the law-and-order scenario wins in the public sphere, the police adopt different postures when facing disorders. Second, the police are also shown to be vulnerable to an increase of media attention during a protest campaign. When protest becomes a blind spot in the public sphere, repression increases.

Explores how social movements bring about institutional change by comparing democratic movements in Switzerland in the 1860s & in the western US, 1880-1920. It is argued that institutional change involves a paradigmatic shift in the political system that only happens during periods of extreme societal crisis. Basic social learning promotes a new set of institutions linked with perceptions of past political heritage. It is contended that three other conditions promote successful democratic movements: federalism, lack of state institutionalization, & absence of a unified political elite. In the case of direct democracy, the paradigm shift from "representative government" to "direct legislation by the people" originated with actualization of the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau & Marie Condorcet during the French Revolution, only to be revitalized in Switzerland & the US during the 19th century. Each case meets the required conditions of societal crisis, credible alternatives to existing institutions, a split political elite, & weakened political parties. J. Lindroth

Analysis of data on protest policing & its media coverage in four Swiss cities, 1965-1994, suggests that the mass media do have an impact on levels & forms of repression, along with political opportunity dimensions & levels of disruption. Two specific mechanisms are identified: (1) The symbolic battles waged by protest groups & their outcomes affect the level of repression that these groups face; depending on whether the civil-rights or the law-&-order scenario wins in the public sphere, the police adopt different postures when facing disorders. (2) The police are vulnerable to an increase of media attention during a protest campaign; when protest becomes a blind spot in the public sphere, repression increases. 6 Tables, 2 Figures, 45 References. Adapted from the source document.