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This paper reveals the way Boekhandel Tan Khoen Swie Kediri, as an agent of Javanese culture, run his publishing house during amidst both the colonial government and Indonesian government, spreading Javanese culture to the society in Java and throughout Indonesia. The history of this publishing house is interesting in which it is interrelated with three different policies from three different types of government ideology. This research which means searching, criticizing, interpreting, and arranging the sources in the form of historical writing. This research also applied Gidden's theory of structuration to clarify the position of Tan Khoen as a publishing agent. The discussion on the structure of the literary society, which consisted of the representatives from the government, authors, publishers, and readers becomes an integral part of the study. This study concludes both the government and private publishers had an intention to educate people although Tan Khoen Swie did not tied its theme on the existing system. However structurally, the existence Boekhandel Tan Khoen Swie were bounded by the authors, other publishers, and readers. The seasons for publishing Javanese culture books because the books contained noble culture, which needs to be disseminated, the legitimation of Javanese writers, and promising market prospect. The success of Tan Khoen Swie business lies in its ability to build networking among authors, publishers, and readers or bookstores. The books published in his business spread across Indonesia. He served both as a cultural broker and as an agent of Javanese culture.Keywords: Tan Khoen Swie, Javanese culture, Boekhandel, colonial period. Makalah ini mengungkap cara Boekhandel Tan Khoen Swie Kediri, sebagai agen budaya Jawa, yang mengelola rumah penerbitannya di tengah-tengah pemerintah kolonial dan pemerintah Indonesia, menyebarkan budaya Jawa kepada masyarakat di Jawa dan di seluruh Indonesia. Sejarah penerbit ini menarik karena terkait dengan tiga kebijakan berbeda dari tiga jenis ideologi pemerintah. Penelitian ini yang berarti mencari, mengkritik, menafsirkan, dan mengatur sumber-sumber dalam bentuk penulisan sejarah. Penelitian ini juga menerapkan teori strukturasi Gidden untuk memperjelas posisi Tan Khoen sebagai agen penerbitan. Diskusi tentang struktur masyarakat sastra, yang terdiri dari perwakilan dari pemerintah, penulis, penerbit, dan pembaca menjadi bagian integral dari penelitian ini. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemerintah dan penerbit swasta memiliki niat untuk mendidik orang-orang meskipun Tan Khoen Swie tidak mengikat temanya pada sistem yang ada. Namun secara struktural, keberadaan Boekhandel Tan Khoen Swie dibatasi oleh penulis, penerbit lain, dan pembaca. Musim untuk menerbitkan buku-buku budaya Jawa karena buku-buku itu berisi budaya mulia, yang perlu disebarluaskan, legitimasi penulis Jawa, dan prospek pasar yang menjanjikan. Keberhasilan bisnis Tan Khoen Swie terletak pada kemampuannya membangun jejaring di antara penulis, penerbit, dan pembaca atau toko buku. Buku-buku yang diterbitkan dalam bisnisnya tersebar di seluruh Indonesia. Ia melayani baik sebagai perantara budaya dan sebagai agen budaya Jawa.Kata kunci: Tan Khoen Swie, budaya Jawa, Boekhandel, masa kolonial. Â

uring the colonial period, the Tulungagung area also recognized the term labor or romusha. Romusha is a forced labor system implemented by the Japanese government during the colonial period. Romusha workers in Tulungagung were ordered to build various infrastructures to support the activities of the colonial government. One of the buildings that became an icon during the colonial period was the South Tulungagung Tunnel or known as the Niyama Tunnel. , and so forth. This can not be separated from the influence of historiography which is Indonesiacentric. Writing history from the point of view of Indonesians has dominated our country. The stories that were written were then developed into the science of history and entered educational institutions. Therefore, the doctrine of the cruelty of theinvaders is deeply embedded in the memory and rooted from generation to generation. It aims to increase nationalism in order to maintain Indonesian independence. However, is there not the slightest positive side caused by colonialism. This paper aims to analyze Indonesia-centric historiography to explore the period of colonialism and draw it in a more positive direction. This study discusses: (1) What was the public's view of the Niyama tunnel before 1986?; (2) How is the process of changing the name of niyama so that it is of wisdom value?; (3) How did the name change affect people's views after changing the name of Niyama to Tunnel Like Prosperity after 1986? This study uses a historical research method which consists of four stages, namely the heuristic process, namely the collection of sources obtained from the Regional Library of Tulungagung Regency, the Tulungagung Archives Agency, and others. The second stage is source criticism, namely testing and verifying the sources obtained. The third stage is interpretation, which is interpreting the data that has been obtained and has passed the verification process. The fourth stage is historiography, namely writing the results of historical research chronologically and ...

Kediri is one of the areas in indonesia that is not free from the influence of Chinese Ethnicity. Then it was also supported by the trade policy applied by the Dutch east Indies government involving Chinese and Indigenous Ethics. Many ethnic Chinese people acted as intermediaries for the trade between the Dutch and the natives. 1900 saw the beginning of improving trade relations between Europeans and Chinese. After that year, to be precise in 1910 the people of the Foreign East were allowed to live in certain areas according to the direction of the head of the provicial government without a permit / residence letter (Wijkenstelsel). Then in 1916, foreign easterners including ethnic chinese were freed to travel to the interior without a pass (Passenstelsel). What way the social and economic activities of the Chinese people become freer and can develop. Meanwhile, in 1930 there was a wold depression which chaused a decline in the economic situation throughout the world, including the Dutch east indies, especially in the export trade industry. Some things that will be discussed in this research are (1) How was the social and economic life of Kediri Chinatown during the Dutch East Indies colonial period 1900-1930; (2) How did the Chinese ethnic influence the socio-economic life of the Kediri people in 1900-1930. This study uses a historical research method which consists of four stages, (1) Heuristics is the process of collecting sources from the Surabaya State University Library, Medayu Agung Library, the National Library of the Republik of Indonesia, National Archives of Republic of Indonesia, Delpher, KILTV,colonial architecture and other relevant sources; (2) Sources criticism is the stage of testing and verification. Source criticism is carried out to obtain histirical fact related to title of this research; (3) Interpretation, namely in the process of interpreting the validity of data that has gone through the verification stage. (4) Historiography, namely the writing of the research result that are arranged chronologically according to the sourche obtained. Keyword : Activity, Social, Economic, Chinatown, Kediri

The modern Islamic boarding school named Darussalam Gontor, is an Islamic educational institution that has become the center of all modern-based Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, because it has started the establishment of modern-based Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Darusssalam Gontor Islamic boarding school implementing the modernization that carried out by santri in a well-structured learning system and schedule. In the middle of Gontor's development in 1967, it had a dark history called the santri agitation in 19th of March or known as Persemar. Persemar 1967 is an agitation that carried out by santri of Darussalam Gontor modern Islamic boarding school in 1967. The agitation began with the emergence of several unproven accusations and negative incitement against the Kyai of the Darussalam Gontor modern Islamic boarding school itself. The agitation culminated on 19th of March 1967 with screaming and cheering while making a commotion and ignoring to politeness. It also destroying some of the inventories that belong to Darussalam Gontor Islamic boarding school. The perpetrator of the agitation was a santri in 5th year KMI experiment and was supported by several ustadz to make the Darussalam Gontor modern Islamic boarding school stands for one-group The problem formulations that used in this research are (1) What is the relationship between the agitation on 19 March 1967 and the 1965 rebellion of the Indonesian Communist Party? (2) in the agitation in 1967, why dothe santri ask Gontor to affiliated with other parties or organizations? (3) What was the role of the Kyai policy of the Darussalam Gontor modern Islamic boarding school in the agitation of March, 19th 1967? The steps that used this research method are the Heuristic stage, Source Criticism, Interpretation and Historiography. The tensions of the political conditions in Indonesia in 1965-1966 caused the chaos to community organizations and the modern Islamic boarding school, Darussalam Gontor. Several santri and teachers of the Darussalam Gontor modern Islamic boarding school were invited to affiliate with certain groups to get a lot of support and become the main reason of the agitation in March 19th, 1967 occurred. However, due to the insistence of the modern Islamic boarding school motto, Darusssalam Gontor, "Stand above and for all groups" Modern Islamic boarding schools have managed to maintain their motto for not affiliated with any organization or group to date. Keywords: agitation, santri, Darussalam Gontor modern islamic boarding school, Persemar 1967

The history of the city became an interesting study, especially after the arrival of Europeans in Indonesia in the 17th century. In the period after the Colonial Government of the Dutch East Indies began to focus on building important cities supporting trade. One of them is Pasuruan City, this city is inseparable from its role as a sugar producer. Pasuruan city also became the capital of Karesidenan which includes three districts (Pasuruan, Bangil, and Malang). The city of Pasuruan was also granted Gemeente (Township) status in 1918, and formed a city council focused on managing the struggle of Pasuruan City. With the status of the city of Pasuruan became heterogeneous with various ethnic groups inhabiting, such as Europeans, Chinese and Arabs and natives. Europeans gave color in the construction of Pasuruan City, they divided the dwellings by ethnicity and built various urban facilities to support their lives. This study discusses (1) How mapping and the condition of elite areas of European society in Pasuruan City in 1918 – 1942; (2) How the influence of the development of elite areas of European society on the development of Pasuruan City in 1918 – 1942. This study uses a historical research method consisting of four stages. First heuristics, namely the collection of resources obtained from the P3GI library of Pasuruan City, The Library of Surabaya State University, Medayu Agung Surabaya Library and through online searches from Leiden University, and Delpher Kraten. The second stage is to criticize the source by testing and verifying the source that has been obtained. The third stage is interpretation, which is to interpret the data that has been obtained and has hammered the testing and verification. The fourth stage is historiography, which is the writing of historical research results chronologically and analytically according to the theme of research. Keywords: Pasuruan City, Elite Area, City Facilities

CV. Ulung as a cigarette company in Bojonegoro is very interested to reseached, because of its existence still holding till now. Although there are so many merk of cigarette which grew up. And its also has a problem from goverment ban because of its raw material is very dangerous. All of them are regulated in Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 81 of 1999 as a continuation of Law number 23 of 1992 article 44 which regulates the safety of cigarette products for health. CV. Ulung Cigarette Company produces two types of cigarettes, there are paper kretek cigarettes and kelobot cigarettes under the brand name Cap Oeloeng. Thats why, the survival of this company, interested the author to found more information about the background of the CV.Ulung as a cigarette company from its build and how the strategy to keep exist with the smoker from 1993 till 2015. So we get the formulation problems that are 1. How do the dynamics of CV. Ulung as a cigarette company from 1993-2015 ? 2. What are the factors that support and inhibit the growth and development of CV. Ulung as a cigarette company ? 3. How is the strategy developed that the CV. Ulung as a cigarette company can survive? The problems of this research will be examined using historical research methods and are divided into four stages. There are heuristics (source collection), criticism (verification), interpretation (interpretation) and historiography (writing history). The results obtained during the study indicate that the survival of the CV. Ulung as a cigarette company due to the efforts in carrying out the strategy by improving the quality of its products, establishing good communication with the Indonesian Kretek Community and the existence of consumers who are still loyal to consuming Cap Oeloeng cigarettes. Most of the consumers are from old age people who used to consume Cap Oeloeng cigarettes when they were young. In another side, people from the lower economic class also very loyal to consume cigarette from Cap Oeloeng. Keywords: Cigarettes, CV Ulung, Oeloeng Cigarettes

The National Reyog Festival is a leading cultural tourism calendar in Ponorogo Regency. The Reyog Festival basically prioritizes the element of creativity so that it can lead to developments that attract the public to witness it. Several things that will be discussed in this research are (1) How is the development of the competition system in the National Reyog Festival; (2) How is the influence of the National Reyog Festival on the creative development of Reyog Art. This study uses a historical research method consisting of four stages, (1) Heuristics is the process of collecting sources obtained from interviews with informants who participated in the National Reyog Festival, Tourism Office, Ponorogo Regency Culture and Ponorogo Reyog Foundation, book Guidelines for the Basic Arts of Reyog Ponorogo In the National Culture stage by the District Government of Ponorogo Level II and other relevant sources; (2) Source criticism, is the stage of conducting testing and verification, source criticism is carried out to obtain historical facts related to the research title; (3) Historiography, namely the writing of research results arranged chronologically according to the sources obtained. The results of this study explain that the 2005 National Reyog Festival experienced developments in its musical compositions being made more creative by incorporating the Reyog Ponorogo gamelan with new notes whose beats were faster and separated from the standard of Reyog music. Then in 2007 participant Simo Budi Utomo entered female vocals, which led to many Reyog groups including female vocals. In 2008 the development of the National Reyog Festival lies in the awards for the best choreography pattern, best dancer, best accompaniment and best presenter. In 2009 the development of the accumulated assessment system became a score system. Meanwhile, in 2015 female participants were able to wear hijab and trousersKeywords: Development, National Reyog Festival, Reyog Ponorogo, Ponorogo

The enactment of regulatory reform on political parties has made the development of political parties in Indonesia very rapid. The birth of political parties is based on the freedom of society to establish political parties as a result of the multiparty system that was implemented in Indonesia in 1999 so that since that year hundreds of parties have been able to stand freely. The triumph of the National Awakening Party at the National Level continued in the adaptation of regional politics, especially in Sidoarjo Regency which had a very large Nahdlatul Ulama era base so that it became the ruling political party. This research is a descriptive qualitative study by selecting the coverage area in Sidoarjo Regency which is the basis for the PKB Sidoarjo victory period. The primary data in this study are based on the results of interviews by the actors from PKB Sidoarjo during the 2000-2015 period, which are juxtaposed with several documents or archives as secondary data from this study. The method used is the historical research method, namely Heuristic, Source Criticism, Meaning Interpretation and Historiography. The result of the research that the data produced is authentic evidence of the synergy built by PKB Sidoarjo and NU Sidoarjo in implementing the political climate in Sidoarjo Regency. This synergy is only limited to the influence of NU as a facilitator for the founding of this party and does not show the re-existence of NU to enter into political circles directly. These two important elements make the control of political conditions in Sidoarjo Regency the basis of NU's strength in East Java. Utilization of the relationship and all lines of NU and PKB Sidoarjo is what makes PKB Sidoarjo the sole party ruling the political stage in Sidoarjo Regency. Keywords: Political Synergy, Community Culture, Politics.