Suchergebnisse

This book aims to systematically develop a general equilibrium macroeconomic model for both closed and open economies. In the seventh edition, Chapter 8 (The Standard Model of Neo-Keynesian Macroeconomics) has been revised and expanded to include a section on the neo-Keynesian IS-LM model

enth.

In diesem Beitrag werden die intertemporalen Wirkungen von antizipierten geld- und fiskalpolitischen Maßnahmen im Rahmen eines asymmetrischen Drei-Länder-Modells vom Mundell-Fleming-Phillips-Typ mit rationalen Preis- und Wechselkursänderungserwartungen charakterisiert. Zwei der drei großen offenen Volkswirtschaften bilden dabei eine Währungsunion, die durch eine gemeinsame Zentralbank, eine Einheitswährung und einen gemeinsamen flexiblen Wechselkurs gegenüber dem Drittland gekennzeichnet ist. Im Unterschied zur bestehenden Literatur zur Theorie einer Währungsunion und zur Theorie der internationalen Politiktransmission sind die beiden Mitgliedsländer der Union nicht vollkommen symmetrisch, sondern weisen sowohl auf der Nachfrageseite als auch auf der Angebotsseite jeweils eine Asymmetrie auf. Dennoch ist es möglich, das dynamische asymmetrische Drei-Länder-Modell mit Hilfe der für vollkommen symmetrische Länder entwickelten Dekompositionsmethode von Fukuda (1993) analytisch zu lösen. ; This paper analyzes the international transmission of anticipated monetary and fiscal policy in the framework of an asymmetric dynamic three-country model with monetary union. The monetary union consists of two large member countries with an asymmetric macroeconomic structure both on the demand and supply side. The paper explicitly solves the asymmetric macroeconomic model using a generalization of the well-known decomposition method of Aoki (1981) to the three-country case. It is shown that the inter- national transmission both of an anticipated unilateral increase in the growth rate of the union money stock and in government expenditure is negative over a large period of time. Within the monetary union intertemporal reversals in the relative effectiveness of policy on member country outputs occur. It is further shown that an international coordination of monetary policy is able to stabilize the output development in the three countries induced by unilateral fiscal policy expansion.

"In dem Aufsatz wird das Problem der optimalen Stabilisierung eines allgemeinen deterministischen Multiplikator-Akzelerator-Modells, bei dem die Investitionsfunktion auf der flexiblen Akzelerator-Hypothese beruht und zwischen den tatsächlichen und geplanten Ausgaben des Staates für Güter und Dienste eine Zeitverzögerung in einfacher exponentieller Form unterstellt wird, untersucht. Im Gegensatz zur Theorie der optimalen Stabilisierung werden die potentiellen Staatsausgaben für Güter und Dienste nicht als exogene Größe aufgefaßt, sondern als eine Mischung der von Phillips verwendeten 'intuitiven' Stabilisierungspolitiken definiert." (Autorenreferat)

Abstract
This paper integrates a money and credit market into a static approximation of the baseline New Keynesian model based on a money-and-credit-in-the-utility approach, in which real balances and borrowing contribute to the household's utility. In this framework, the central bank has no direct control over the interest rate on bonds. Instead, the central bank's instrument variables are the monetary base and the refinancing rate, i. e. the rate at which the central bank provides loans to the banking sector. Our approach gives rise to a credit channel, in which current and expected future interest rates on the bond and loan market directly affect current goods demand. The credit channel amplifies the output effects of isolated monetary disturbances. Taking changes in private (inflation and interest rate) expectations into account, we find that - contrarily to BERNANKE and BLINDER (1988) - the credit channel may also dampen the output effects of monetary disturbances. The expansionary effects of a monetary expansion may be substantially diminished if the monetary disturbance is accompanied by a contractionary credit shock. In a dynamic version of our model, in which expectations are formed endogenously, we find that the credit channel amplifies output responses.

In a recent paper, Mertens and Ravn (2010) study the effects of anticipated fiscal policy shocks in a structural vector autoregressive model. The authors maintain that (i) the lag polynomial associated with news shocks is a cyclotomic polynomial and (ii) the matrix B(L) which transforms a nonfundamental MA representation into a fundamental one is a Blaschke matrix. Though the results in Mertens and Ravn (2010) are correct, we find that the terms 'cyclotomic' and 'Blaschke matrix' are misused.

This paper analyzes the dynamic effects of anticipated and unanticipated oil price increases in a small two-country monetary union, which is simultaneously characterized by asymmetric wage adjustments and asymmetric interest rate sensitivities of private absorption. Common external oil price disturbances lead in this asymmetric macroeconomic setup to temporary divergences in output developments across the monetary union. In the case of anticipated oil price increases the relative cyclical position is reversed in the course of the adjustment process. Complete stabilization of the output variables throughout the overall adjustment process requires a restrictive monetary policy being time inconsistent from a quantitative but time consistent from a qualitative point of view. That means that the central bank credibly announces a future reduction in the growth rate of the nominal money stock but actually implements a reduction, which is less restrictive than the original announcement. ; Dieser Beitrag untersucht die dynamischen Effekte antizipierter und nicht-antizipierter Ölpreiserhöhungen in einer kleinen Währungsunion mit zwei Mitgliedsländern, die gleichzeitig durch asymmetrische Lohnanpassungsgleichungen und asymmetrische Zinsreagibilitäten der Güternachfrage gekennzeichnet sind. In dieser strukturell asymmetrischen Währungsunion führen gemeinsame externe Ölpreisschocks zu vorübergehenden konjunkturellen Divergenzen innerhalb der Währungsunion. Im Fall antizipierter Ölpreiserhöhungen kommt es im Verlauf des Anpassungsprozesses zu einer Umkehrung des Konjunkturgefälles innerhalb der Währungsunion. Die Stabilisierung der Outputentwicklungen innerhalb der Währungsunion ist über den gesamten Zeitraum grundsätzlich möglich, erfordert jedoch eine Ausgestaltung der Geldpolitik, die in qualitativer Hinsicht zeitkonsistent, aber in quantitativer Sicht zeitinkonsistent ist. Sie erfordert nämlich, dass die Zentralbank für den Zeitpunkt der antizipierten Ölpreiserhöhung eine Verringerung der Wachstumsrate der Geldmenge glaubwürdig ankündigt, letztendlich zum späteren Zeitpunkt der Ölpreiserhöhung eine etwas schwächere geldpolitische Reaktion implementiert.

This paper analyzes the dynamic effects of anticipated monetary and fiscal policies in a large monetary union, which is characterized by asymmetric interest rate transmission. We explicitly solve the asymmetric three-country model using the decomposition methods of Aoki (1981) and Fukuda (1993). Anticipated monetary and fiscal expansions lead to negative international spillovers and to intertemporal reversals in the relative effectiveness of policy on member country outputs. Intertemporal international coordination of monetary policies between Euroland and the US is able to stabilize the output adjustment processes induced by an anticipated unilateral fiscal expansion.

This paper analyzes the dynamic effects of anticipated and unanticipated oil price increases in a small two-country monetary union, which is simultaneously characterized by asymmetric wage adjustments and asymmetric interest rate sensitivities of private absorption. It is shown that both types of oil price disturbances lead to temporary divergences in output developments across the monetary union. In the case of anticipated oil price increases the relative cyclical position of output effects is reversed in the course of the adjustment process. With anticipated oil price increases complete stabilization of the output variables throughout the overall adjustment process requires restrictive monetary policy to be time-inconsistent from a quantitative but time-consistent from a qualitative point of view. That means that the central bank credibly announces a future reduction in the growth rate of nominal money stock but actually realizes a decrease in the monetary growth rate, which is less restrictive than the announcement.