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Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- 1 Background and History -- Introduction -- The Development of Childhood -- Juvenile Justice in the United States: The Beginnings -- Houses of Refuge -- Training Schools or Reformatories -- Child Savers and Other Nineteenth-Century Juvenile Justice Reform Efforts -- Treatment Programs for Institutionalized Juvenile Offenders -- Contemporary Organizations, Programs, and Developments -- Juvenile Justice Today: A Quick Look -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions -- Introduction -- Problems -- Misperceptions and Misunderstandings -- Youth in Crisis: Problems Facing Juveniles -- Kids and Guns -- The Contemporary Juvenile Justice System -- Controversies -- Complexity of the System -- Serious Juvenile Offenders and Status Offenders: Transfers and Divestiture -- Overrepresentation of Minorities -- Legal Challenges to the Juvenile Justice System -- Possible Solutions -- Restorative Justice and Other Alternatives to Incarceration -- Evaluations of Incarceration Alternatives -- Delinquency Prevention Programs -- Gang Prevention Programs -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Perspectives -- Introduction -- Preparing Youth for the Future: Kimberly Booth -- We Must Improve Education for Youth in the Juvenile Justice System: Katherine Burdick -- Adolescence, Incarcerated: Josh Gravens -- The Lines We Draw: Deborah L. Johnson -- Community Restorative Justice Hub: A Model of Hospitality and Accompaniment: David A. Kelly -- A Teacher, Not a Judge: Thomm Quackenbush -- The Hall: Heidi Lynn Smith -- What Should We Do with Juvenile Murderers?: John T. Whitehead -- 4 Profiles -- People -- Jane Addams (1860-1935) -- Freda Adler (1934- ) -- John Augustus (1785-1859) -- Howard Becker (1928- ) -- Louise Bowen (1859-1953).