Suchergebnisse

This paper analyzes Chilean foreign policy regarding integration processes in Latin America during the administation of Eduardo Frei, a policy that arose from a subregional integration strategy that was specified in the Subregional Integration Agreement signed in Cartagena, Colombia, in May 1969. Then it continues with that of Salvador Allende, with characteristics dissimilar that of his predecessor, which ended abruptly after the 1973 coup, to finally culminate with the turn in Chilean foreign policy by the military regime that ultimately they meant the withdrawal of Chile from the Andean Pact. ; En este trabajo se analiza la política exterior chilena respecto a los procesos de integración en América Latina durante el gobierno de Eduardo Frei, política surgida de una estrategia de integración subregional que se vio concretada en el Acuerdo de Integración Subregional suscrito en Cartagena, Colombia, en mayo de 1969. Luego se prosigue con el de Salvador Allende, de características disimiles al de su antecesor, finalizado abruptamente tras el Golpe de Estado de 1973, para finalmente culminar con el giro en la política exterior chilena por parte del régimen militar que en definitiva significaron el retiro de Chile del Pacto Andino.

Taking as a starting point the existence of a close relationship between democracy and foreign policy, this essay presents some points of view on the conditions that, in our opinion, should be fulfilled for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to play an effective role as the main diplomatic executor of the foreign policy of a new democratic regime in Chile. Some ideas are developed that suggest some criteria considered relevant for the action of the Foreign Ministry under a democratic regime, assuming its peaceful establishment and the commitment of its leading elements to the task of recovering the Chilean international status, which implies the compliance with a series of basic conditions. ; Tomando como punto de partida la existencia de una estrecha relación entre democracia y política exterior, este ensayo presenta algunos puntos de vista sobre las condiciones que, a nuestro juicio, deberían cumplirse para que el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores juegue un papel efectivo como principal ejecutor diplomático de la política exterior de un nuevo régimen democrático en Chile. Se desarrollan algunas ideas que sugieren algunos criterios considerados relevantes para la acción de la Cancillería bajo un régimen democrático, en el supuesto de su instauración pacífica y del compromiso de sus elementos dirigentes con la tarea de la recuperación del status internacional chileno, lo que supone el cumplimiento de una serie de condiciones básicas.

Contrasts views on regional economic integration prevalent in Latin America and southeastern Asia.

There are great differences between the Latin American and Asian conceptions of cooperation. In the present work, this hypothesis is verified through a description and an analysis of the characteristics of this process in both regions. Regarding Latin America, the historical development of the conceptions of cooperation and the current state of its mechanisms are studied, detecting that the changes produced in the international system have led to a reevaluation of the region's reintegration strategy and, therefore, the integration idea. Unlike the latter, in Asia efforts in this regard are much more recent and are marked by the lack of regulations and institutions, emphasizing political-strategic understandings. However, these assumptions are also being reviewed there. Thus, it is concluded that these divergences would be disappearing, which would reduce the gap between both types of cooperation. ; Existen grandes diferencias entre las concepciones latinoamericanas y asiáticas de cooperación. En el presente trabajo se comprueba esta hipótesis mediante una descripción y un análisis de las características propias de este proceso en ambas regiones. En cuanto a América Latina, se estudia el desarrollo histórico de las concepciones de cooperación y el estado actual de sus mecanismos, detectando que los cambios producidos en el sistema internacional han hecho reevaluar la estrategia de reinserción de la región y, por lo tanto, la idea de integración. A diferencia de ésta, en Asia los esfuerzos en este sentido son mucho más recientes y están marcados por la falta de normativa e institucionalidad, enfatizando los entendimientos político-estratégicos. Sin embargo, allí también se estarían revisando estos supuestos. Así, se concluye que estas divergencias estarían desapareciendo lo que disminuiría la brecha entre ambos tipos de cooperación.

Since Chile joined APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) in November 1994, great opportunities have opened up for the expansion of its international economic relations in the Asia-Pacific. Participation in this body represents a new diplomatic experience that is based on the principle of open regionalism within which the country is inscribed. On this basis, this paper examines the formulation of Chile's multilateral policy in the economic forums of the region, the situation of national politics in each of them, and the likely evolution scenarios of the Chilean position. ; A partir de la incorporación de Chile a APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) en noviembre de 1994, se han abierto grandes oportunidades para la expansión de sus relaciones económicas internacionales en el Asia-Pacífico. La participación en este organismo representa una experiencia diplomática nueva que se apoya en el principio de regionalismo abierto dentro del cual el país se inscribe. Partiendo de esta base, en el presente trabajo se examinan la formulación de la política multilateral de Chile en los foros económicos de la región, la situación de la política nacional en cada uno de ellos y los escenarios de evolución probables del posicionamiento chileno.

Foreign Aid plays an increasingly important role in the political and economic dynamics of Latin America. This article analyses the findings regarding the relationships between donors and partners in the management of international cooperation in the city of Medellin, for the period comprehended between 2003 and 2008. The detailed content analysis of the interviews conducted with a representative sample of key players of international cooperation in the city, has enabled us to identify the key moments that characterize and dynamize those relationships as. basically we found that successful management of Foreign Aid must consider the following key moments: identification of partners and sources of international cooperation; building trust and credibility; forming partnerships; developing plans and bargaining and finally relationships with partners and community. ; La Cooperación Internacional juega un papel cada vez más importante en las dinámicas políticas y económicas de América Latina. El presente artículo muestra los hallazgos sobre las relaciones donante-receptor, en la gestión de la cooperación internacional en la ciudad de Medellín, respecto al periodo comprendido entre los años 2003 y 2008.A partir de un estudio minucioso de los contenidos de las entrevistas realizadas a los actores significativos de la cooperación internacional en la ciudad, se identifican los principales momentos que caracterizan y dinamizan dichas relaciones. Fundamentalmente encontramos que una buena gestión de la cooperación internacional debe considerarlos siguientes momentos: la identificación de los socios y de las fuentes de cooperación internacional; la generación de confianza y credibilidad; la conformación de alianzas; la elaboración de planes y negociación y, finalmente, la relación ejecutor comunidad.

Climate changes evidenced by an increase in our planet's mean temperature, changes in rainfall, increased sea level and extreme weather conditions, favor air and soil contamination, ocean acidification, droughts, floods, heat waves and forest fires, which affect the health and wellbeing of exposed populations. These changes will exert negative effects on respiratory and cardiovascular systems, nutritional status, burden of infectious diseases, especially vector-borne infections, and human mental health. Moreover, environmental damages, such as loss of biodiversity, ecological collapse and deterioration of socioeconomic factors such as agricultural and fishery production, and the loss of habitable land, will impulse massive migrations. This article summarizes the impact that climate change is expected to have on respiratory, cardiovascular and infectious diseases and its repercussions on people of extreme ages. It is imperative to achieve the immediate commitment of worldwide national governments to control greenhouse gas emissions. The appropriate technology does exist, but political will is urgently needed to accomplish this goal. ; Versión publicada - versión final del editor

The Chilean Academy of Medicine convened a commission to evaluate the status of HIV epidemic and the national response to it, regarding its achievements, gaps and challenges, aiming to recommend actions to optimize assessment quality and national response. This publication summarizes the agreed upon opinion of its members. The epidemic is overwhelmingly sexually transmitted, predominant in homo/bisexual men. Vertical transmission is very low. An increasing number of new diagnoses is occurring, with relative over representation of foreign people lately. There is a legal guarantee of confidentiality, nondiscrimination and treatment for those affected, both in the private and public sector. All public health services have active HIV care units. Modern antiviral drugs and monitoring tests are also available. Despite these clear achievements, insufficient, occasionally inadequate public policies and certain rigid regulations thwart optimal effectivity and efficiency of the programs, contributing to the slow and incomplete compliance with international commitments. Shortcomings worth highlighting are: suboptimal educational and preventive programs directed to youngsters, vulnerable and general population; persistent underdiagnosis of infected population; cumbersome requirements to request and inform diagnostic tests, thus discouraging testing; excessive centralization and long latency of diagnosis confirmation and monitoring tests; incomplete epidemiologic analysis and public reporting of findings; non flexibility and slow updating of therapeutic guidelines; insufficient adaptation of care and drug delivery modalities to patients' needs; excessive administrative requirements at care centers and restrictive legislation for outcome and interventional clinical research. Recommendations to deal with these issues were proposed.

(...); Vol.III: Una mirada comparativa. - 83 S. : 20 Tab., 21 graph. Darst., Lit.Hinw., - ISBN 92-1-321701-3.; Vol. IV: Una mirada comparativa: Argentina y Brasil. - 82 S. : 3 graph. Darst., zahlr. Tab., Lit.Hinw. - ISBN 92-1-321775-7