Suchergebnisse

THE MENTAL HEALTH PATIENT RELEASE PROGRAMS HAVE BEEN PROCEEDING MORE RAPIDLY THAN INFORMED JUDGEMENT COULD POSSIBLY WARRANT. PUBLIC SECTOR MENTAL HEALTH CARE FALLS CONSIDERABLY BELOW THE STANDARDS AND PRACTICES OF PRIVATE SECTOR CARE. THE ACCELERATED RELEASE OF FORMER PATIENTS HAS STRAINED THE POTENTIAL FOR THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PLACEMENT.

Small religious nonprofits (SRNPs) providea variety of services to residents of low-income center-city neighborhoods, but the magnitude and effectiveness of their service contribution are difficult to assess and evaluate. A preliminary field study of SRNPs in selected communities in Philadelphia and in Trenton, New Jersey, that have undergone profound neighborhood social and demographic change has identified widespread prevalence of SRNPs in these communities and deep commitment to address their service needs. Detailed neighborhood studies are needed to examine comparatively how SRNPs and secular agencies respond and adjust to altered service demands, client populations, and financing options.

This article examines hypotheses relating equity in service provision to decentralization in the nonprofit sector and to the lessons of the nonprofit experience for an increasingly decentralized public sector The findings indicate a relatively minor current role for nonprofits in distributive activities and significant differences in the generosity levels of communities and the targeting of donor support for charitable services, as opposed to amenity and civic services. The analyses also indicate some relative decline in giving levels in the most generous communities. The findings imply that decentralization of distributive programs to states and communities may be an effective strategy for limiting their scope and cutting back on national commitments to distressed population groups and communities.

This paper examines the regional implications of decentralizing sup port for social services and income transfers from the federal govern ment to charitable organizations and state and local government. The evidence suggests that profound place-to-place disparities persist in support of programs that aid the poor even after allowance is made for local differences in affluence, distress, political ideology, and the crowd-out effects of federal assistance. The findings indicate that local generosity in the social and welfare realms remains unre lated to the locus of need.

An approach to a small-scale regional model of information diffusion is presented. 'A systematic sample was designed that includes 45 sampling units of about 80 square miles each, selected from a hexagonal overlay network, & constituting a 12% sample of the area, arable land, & N of farm holdings in Middle Sweden. The simulation is designed to estimate the order in which information is diffused, perceived, & accepted by the farmers.' The 2 parts of the COMM process, the external flow from the experts to the farmers & the internal flow among the farmers, are considered. Table I presents: rank order of sample areas in external & internal information receipt & acceptance of message transmission, message credibility, & combined message transmission, credibility, & acceptance. M. Duke.

The effectiveness of government reliance on private & not-for-profit initiatives for neighborhood development is assessed with special reference to NY. The fate of not-for-profits -- including their role in delivery of services, need for compensatory assistance, & ability to become self-sufficient -- is explored in a detailed survey of 30 neighborhood preservation companies (NPCs) & general data on 183 NPCs. Examination of the most successful reveals the importance of management skills, diversification of funding sources, & packaging of smaller grants. The research indicates that such companies face a grim future, with few becoming self-sufficient. Neighborhood development bodies must give more attention to staffing, fund raising, & resource management. 7 Tables, 12 References. A. Waters

A regional focus on not-for-profit organizations leads to a better understanding of the not-for-profit (NFP) sector, adding to the insights coming from national studies. The research reported here, focusing on the Philadelphia, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Houston, and Los Angeles areas, shows major contrasts in funding and in certain structural features of the NFPs. For example, the NFP share of the service sector in Philadelphia is three times the share in Houston, pointing to the importance of an early start in determining NFP representation. The impact of the 1973-1974 recession provides some clues to the importance of a diversified funding base and the consequences of business cycles on NFP expenditures for program-related activities.

Certain basic principles which have been recognized and accepted in the social sciences, such as the effects of scale and agglomeration economies, transfer costs, etc., are inte grated into a simplified model of world hierarchical structure. The hierarchy of places and service areas is illustrated through vectors of influence and flow extending back and forth from the world primary node to the major and sub-regional primary nodes and to local community nuclei. Service areas of the nodes conforming to the size and scale most efficient and appropriate for specific activities and functions are illustrated in volving, for example, steel production at major regional primary nodes and elementary schools in the smallest service areas. With the presence of political boundaries or other barriers inhibiting optimal spatial organization, opportunity costs are introduced which detract from potential benefits. Recognition of the social science framework in which a system of world law should ideally operate must be complemented by identification of adjudicative criteria for balancing conflicting goals such as participation, efficiency and equality. Some measures of participation and analytic frameworks for reconciling goals are suggested.

ABSTRACTDoes rapid growth in a metropolitan area amplify or reduce disparities among its differentiated communities? Theoretical economic and political arguments can support both tendencies but lean in the direction of greater differentiation and disparities following a period of rapid regional growth. This article examines uneven population, employment and tax base growth as both causes and consequences of economic and social disparities. The analysis posits that growth bypasses the built‐up and lowest income communities in favor of the more distant middle‐income suburbs with extensive land for development. The implications of these uneven growth patterns are widening inter‐municipal disparities consistent with growth rates. The analysis is carried out for the 365 contiguous jurisdictions in northern New Jersey, a region that experienced modest growth in the 1970s and rapid growth in the 1980s. The findings confirm the uneven pattern of growth and widening disparities during the growth spurt of the 1980s.