Suchergebnisse

Issues of moral development and moral action have been explored by psychologists by both empirical and nonempirical methods. Lawrence Kohlberg's moral stages have been of particular interest and scrutiny since his longitudinal study of boys was first published in 1969. Harvard's
Carol Gilligan contests Kohlberg's findings in her 1982 book In A Different Voice, as well as other publications, claiming that girls' morality developed differently from boys' and that Kohlberg's stages were not universal as he asserted. The debate over gender differences
in moral development has focused primarily on these two theories. Numerous studies and articles have been published deliberating about both Kohlberg's and Gilligan's theories with most concluding there is no significant difference in the way the sexes make moral decisions. This article
reviews the current literature of both theories, providing a context in which to view morality, and offers suggestions for future research.

Purpose: Protecting children from mistreatment is a global concern, and further research and evaluation in child protection services is required. Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) has demonstrated potential, but to date, there is no systematic review of studies that evaluate the application of CQI in child protection. Method: This systematic literature review examined the application of CQI in child protection services. The review identified published, English-language evaluations of CQI in child protection from 2000 to 2016 and critiqued the characteristics, methodological quality, and reported benefits of the included studies. Results: A search of social science electronic databases identified eight peer-reviewed studies, including six quantitative studies, one mixed-methods study, and one qualitative study. Discussion: The review highlighted that many studies on this topic lack specific validating data, but there is evidence that CQI models have some potential to improve processes for working with children and families by promoting implementation fidelity.

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of people who lived through Cyclone Yasi on 3 February 2011. Data from two open-ended questions (Q1: n=344; and Q2: n=339) within a survey completed by 433 residents of cycloneaffected areas between Cairns and Townsville, Australia, were analysed using a qualitative, thematic approach. Experiences were portrayed in three main themes: (1) living in the mode of existential threat describes survivors' sense of panic and feeling at the mercy of nature as they feared for their life; (2) unforgettable memories describe feelings of emotional helplessness and the unimaginable chaos that the cyclone wrought; and (3) centrality of others shows how community support and closeness helped alleviate losses and uncertainty. A critical finding from this study was the negative role of the media in escalating fears for life prior to and during the cyclone, highlighting the need for government, community leaders, and health professionals to have a media plan in place to ensure that disaster warnings are taken seriously without inciting unnecessary panic. Although survivors experienced extreme vulnerability and a threat to life, the disaster also brought communities closer together and connected family, friends, and neighbours through the caring, support, and help they offered each other. This highlights the central role of others during the recovery process and underlines the importance of promoting and facilitating social support to aid recovery post disaster.

Colonization is understood as a determinant of health for Indigenous people globally. Understanding colonization through a lens of historical trauma offers new insights into the field of Aboriginal young peoples' health and wellbeing. Grounded in the Indigenous research paradigm, this study conducted interviews with 15 Aboriginal young people living on Gamilaroi Country, New South Wales, Australia. Three stories are presented to explain how Aboriginal young people understand their resilience, strength and resistance as an integral component of historical trauma. Aboriginal young people identified the need to connect and to continue to draw strength from their ancestors and to be cognizant of the hope and strengths they have as Aboriginal people and describe how this strength can ensure Aboriginal culture is sustained for generations to come.

Background: Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) include both progestogen-containing implants and intrauterine devices releasing either a progestogen or copper, providing highly effective contraception. Increasing uptake of LARCs is advocated by governments and professional organisations as an important strategy to reduce unintended pregnancy; such uptake requires, among other measures, adequate training of doctors in the areas of obstetrics and gynaecology and women's health. Aims: To assess The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) trainees' (Fellowship, Diploma or Certificate of Women's Health) experience and training in insertion and removal of LARCs. Materials and methods: An invitation email to participate in an anonymous survey approved by the Continuing Professional Development Committee of RANZCOG was sent to all current RANZCOG trainees in the three categories. The responses were categorised and analysed. Results: Of 1686 invited trainees, 294 (17.4%) responded: 250 in Australia and 44 in New Zealand; 127 were undertaking Fellowship training (8.3% of those invited) and 166 (100% of those invited) were undertaking training for the Diploma (either DRANZCOG and DRANZCOG Advanced) or the Certificate of Women's Health. Significant numbers of all categories of trainees had no or limited experience of insertion or removal of LARCs of all types and/or lacked self-confidence in LARC provision. Conclusion: RANZCOG needs to address this training deficiency to continue as the leader in Australia in the provision of women's reproductive healthcare.

After traumatic events such as emergencies and disasters, there is often an increase in psychosocial distress among communities. As a result, there may be an increase in the prescription and use of psychotropic medications as one way to help manage the symptoms of this distress in individuals. Few studies have considered changes in psychotropic medication usage following a disaster as a proxy measure of the extent of mental health distress in the community. A pharmaco-epidemiological design compared de-identified government prescribing databases for anxiolytic, antidepressant and a control prescription for a 6 month period after the cyclone for all affected North Queensland communities and compared the data with a similar data set from the same time period in the previous year. The results indicate a significant increase in the prescription of antidepressant medications compared to the control drug and the previous year. Determining changes in psychotropic prescribing patterns following a disaster provide evidence to inform post-disaster public health response, planning, and funding. As an increase in antidepressant medications is an indicator of distress in the community, the data from this study provided community mental health nurses with evidence to support funding requests for additional resources (human resources and other) to support post disaster response activities in the local area. Learning Objectives: 1. Increased understanding of the link between emergencies and disasters, and psychosocial response. 2. Recognition that general practitioners prescribe antidepressants as a way of managing distress following traumatic events. 3. Awareness of how sharing research findings can be used to support applications for post disaster response activities.