Introduction -- Chapter 1: The Disc Golf Movement -- Chapter 2: The Professional Disc Golf Association Pushes for Legitimacy through Competition -- Chapter 3: The Mixed Bag of Disc Golf Culture: Disc Golf as Lifestyle -- Chapter 4: The Framing of Disc Golf in News Media -- Chapter 5: The Associations Between Traditional and Social Media and the Growth of Disc Golf -- Chapter 6: Neglect, Trivialization and Stigmatization: The Framing of Disc Golf in Popular Films and Television -- Chapter 7: Disparities in Disc Golf Course Distribution in the United States -- Chapter 8: Disc Golfer Demographics -- Conclusion.
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A growing area of research has examined the individual behaviors and social antecedents that enable and constrain the popularity of social media users. This systematic review gathers and summarizes 68 naturalistic studies that measure popularity based on users' reach (e.g., followers, fans and subscribers) or engagement (e.g., likes, comments and shares) on multiple platforms. It draws on Barnlund's (2008) transactional model of communication to organize the literature and provides a roadmap for future research by identifying areas of the research that are characterized by consensus and disagreement. It also reveals a gap in the literature. Previous research focuses on communication strategies that maximize reach and engagement and provides less evidence of social structural influences on popularity. More research is needed to understand how the social, economic, and cultural characteristics of users affect their success.
The risk of terrorism in the United States has gained a great deal of attention from researchers, policy makers, the public, and the press. This article focused on how one of these actors—the press—portrayed the risk during an eight-year period centered on the attacks of 9/11. The three goals of this study were to identify the dimensions of terrorism risk that are most likely to increase public perceptions of the danger, describe how these dimensions were portrayed in newspaper content, and explain how these portrayals were associated with other important news topics including the use of military force, the protection of civil liberties, and the image of the Muslim religion.
The risk of terrorism in the United States has gained a great deal of attention from researchers, policy makers, the public, and the press. This article focused on how one of these actors-the press-portrayed the risk during an eight-year period centered on the attacks of 9/11 .The three goals of this study were to identify the dimensions of terrorism risk that are most likely to increase public perceptions of the danger, describe how these dimensions were portrayed in newspaper content, and explain how these portrayals were associated with other important news topics including the use of military force, the protection of civil liberties, and the image of the Muslim religion. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2007 by the President and the Fellows of Harvard College.]
Introduction -- Chapter 1: The Disc Golf Movement -- Chapter 2: The Professional Disc Golf Association Pushes for Legitimacy through Competition -- Chapter 3: The Mixed Bag of Disc Golf Culture: Disc Golf as Lifestyle -- Chapter 4: The Framing of Disc Golf in News Media -- Chapter 5: The Associations Between Traditional and Social Media and the Growth of Disc Golf -- Chapter 6: Neglect, Trivialization and Stigmatization: The Framing of Disc Golf in Popular Films and Television -- Chapter 7: Disparities in Disc Golf Course Distribution in the United States -- Chapter 8: Disc Golfer Demographics -- Conclusion
Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. The Feudal Model in Social Analysis: From Medieval Europe to Contemporary America -- 2. Feudal, Liberal, and Authoritarian Models as Tools for Analyzing the Middle Ages and Contemporary American Society -- 3. Big Money and Corporations as Promoters of Feudal Tendencies -- 4. The Feudal Model and the Organizational Level of Analysis -- 5. Private Coercion: A Feudal Aspect of Contemporary American Society -- 6. Personal Relations in American Politics and Business: A Feudal Phenomenon -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.
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This study examined media representations of male superstar athletes over more than three decades. Some journalists portrayed their subjects as smart, physically attractive young men at the top of their games. Other writers emphasized their flaws and told stories of tarnished heroes. Based on an analysis of 140 references to sports stars in Sports Illustrated magazine articles, the results showed that favorable and unfavorable framing of athletes depended on their race/ethnicity, the dominance of their sport, and the historical context in which they played. Compared to white sports stars, racial minority athletes were more often portrayed with unfavorable frames, such as unintelligent, immoral, or lacking charm. Athletes from lesser-known sports were also more likely to be described with unfavorable frames than athletes from the four most dominant sports in the US (football, basketball, baseball, and hockey). Both favorable and unfavorable frames were more common in articles published in the most recent period (2013–2021) than in earlier decades (1987–2012), signaling an increasing interest among journalists in the personal qualities of sports stars. The study provides new empirical and theoretical insight on the relationships between three social antecedents—racism, hegemonic sport culture, and technological change—and the framing of superstar athletes.
