Suchergebnisse

In this paper, I focus on the political influence of class forces surrounding the 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA). The RTAA was instrumental because it shifted much of the trade-policy process from Congress to the Executive Branch. I find that capitalist class relations had a great impact on the development and passage of the RTAA. Despite the concerns of capitalists from the nationalist segment over their ability to influence Executive Branch policy making, the nationalist segment unified with capitalists from the increasingly powerful internationalist segment and were successful in their combined efforts to change the institutional arena within which trade policy was formulated. This research bolsters support for the class embeddedness perspective of trade policy as portrayed in the works of Domhoff (1990), Prechel (1990), and Dreiling (2000). Further, it contributes to this work by explaining the historical foundation for the class embeddedness of contemporary foreign trade policy debate as established by capitalist class relations and changes in state organizational structures during the New Deal.

A revised version of 97S33433.

14 pages, 2 figures ; Citizen Science (CS) is a prominent field of application for Open Science (OS), and the two have strong synergies, such as: advocating for the data and metadata generated through science to be made publicly available [1]; supporting more equitable collaboration between different types of scientists and citizens; and facilitating knowledge transfer to a wider range of audiences [2]. While primarily targeted at CS, the EU-Citizen. Science platform can also support OS. One of its key functions is to act as a knowledge hub to aggregate, disseminate and promote experience and know-how; for example, by profiling CS projects and collecting tools, resources and training materials relevant to both fields. To do this, the platform has developed an information architecture that incorporates the public participation in scientific research (PPSR)—Common Conceptual Model①. This model consists of the Project Metadata Model, the Dataset Metadata Model and the Observation Data Model, which were specifically developed for CS initiatives. By implementing these, the platform will strengthen the interoperating arrangements that exist between other, similar platforms (e.g., BioCollect and SciStarter) to ensure that CS and OS continue to grow globally in terms of participants, impact and fields of application ; The EU-Citizen.Science project received funding from the EU's Horizon 2020 Framework Program for Research and Innovation under grant agreement No. 824580. The research described in this paper is partly supported by the project "Citizen Science to promote creativity, scientific literacy, and innovation throughout Europe" (COST Action), which received funding from the EU's Horizon 2020 Framework Program for Research and Innovation under grant agreement No. 15212 ; With funding from the Spanish government through the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) ; Peer reviewed

Special Issue Citizen Science Projects for Environmental Challenges and Sustainable Development Goals.-- 17 pages, 2 pages, 1 figure.-- Data Availability Statement: Not applicable ; There is a growing acknowledgement that citizen observatories, and other forms of citizen-generated data, have a significant role in tracking progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. This is evident in the increasing number of Sustainable Development Goals' indicators for which such data are already being used and in the high-level recognition of the potential role that citizen science can play. In this article, we argue that networks of citizen observatories will help realise this potential. Drawing on the Cos4Cloud project as an example, we highlight how such networks can make citizen-generated data more interoperable and accessible (among other qualities), increasing their impact and usefulness. Furthermore, we highlight other, perhaps overlooked, advantages of citizen observatories and citizen-generated data: educating and informing citizen scientists about the Sustainable Development Goals and co-creating solutions to the global challenges they address ; The research described in this paper was funded by the European Commission via the Cos4Cloud and MICS projects, which have received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements 863463 and 824711. ICM-CSIC authors acknowledge the institutional support of the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) ; Peer reviewed

The aim of this workshop was to ask potential end-users of the citizens' information pack on legal and ethical issues around ICTs (i.e. citizens and citizens' groups) the following questions: What is your knowledge of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and what actions have you taken in response to these regulations? What challenges are you experiencing in ensuring the protection and security of your project data, and compliance with the GDPR, within existing data management processes/systems? What information/tools/resources do you need to overcome these challenges? What are the best formats/channels for receiving, sharing and acting upon this information? What is the most appropriate structure/format(s) for the citizens' information pack?

ICTs, personal data, digital rights, the GDPR, data privacy, online security… these terms, and the concepts behind them, are increasingly common in our lives. Some of us may be familiar with them, but others are less aware of the growing role of ICTs and data in our lives - and the potential risks this creates. These risks are even more pronounced for vulnerable groups in society. People can be vulnerable in different, often overlapping, ways, which place them at a disadvantage to the majority of citizens; Table 3 in this guide presents some of the many forms and causes of vulnerability. As a result, vulnerable people need greater support to navigate the digital world, and to ensure that they are able to exercise their rights. This guide explains where such support can be found, and also answers the following questions: What are the main ethical and legal issues around ICTs for vulnerable citizens? Who is vulnerable in Europe? How do issues around ICTs affect vulnerable people in particular? This guide is a resource for members of vulnerable groups, people who work with vulnerable groups, and citizens more broadly. It is also useful for data controllers who collect data about vulnerable citizens. While focused on citizens in Europe, it may be of interest to people in other parts of the world. It forms part of the Citizens' Information Pack produced by the PANELFIT project, and is available in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish.