Suchergebnisse

Front Cover -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- Overview -- Management Response -- Management Action Record -- Chairperson's Summary: Committee on Development Effectiveness -- 1 Introduction to Public-Private Partnerships -- What Are PPPs? -- Rationale for Supporting PPPs -- PPPs and the Poor -- PPP Trends Globally and the World Bank Group's Engagement -- Evaluation Design -- 2 Relevance of World Bank Group Support -- The World Bank Group's Strategic Framework for PPPs -- The World Bank Group's Strategic Resources Deployment on PPPs -- Addressing Countries' Development Priorities and PPP Constraints -- Conclusion -- 3 Paving the Way for PPPs through Policy Reform and Institution Building -- World Bank Group Interventions to Improve the PPP Enabling Environment -- Focus and Results of World Bank Group Upstream Work -- Drivers of Success of Upstream Work -- Conclusion -- 4 Did Public-Private Partnerships Deliver? -- World Bank Group Support to Structuring and Financing PPPs -- Results of World Bank Group Support to PPPs -- Drivers of Success and Failure of PPP Performance -- Conclusion -- 5 Working as One World Bank Group -- Leveraging of Synergies across One World Bank Group -- The Case for PPP Country Diagnostics -- Challenges and Opportunities for the Future -- Conclusion -- 6 The Experience of Other Multilateral Development Banks with Public-Private Partnerships -- Asian Development Bank -- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development -- Inter-American Development Bank -- African Development Bank -- European Investment Bank -- Conclusions -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Methodology Used to Identify Public-Private Partnership Projects -- Appendix B Public-Private Partnership Indicators -- Appendix C Country Case Study Methodology.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Summary of Contents -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Global Outlook -- Summary -- Global context -- Pandemic developments -- Global trade -- Commodity markets -- Global inflation and financial developments -- Major economies: Recent developments and outlook -- Advanced economies -- China -- Emerging market and developing economies -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Per capita income growth, poverty, and inequality -- Global outlook and risks -- Global outlook -- Risks to the outlook -- Policy challenges -- Key global challenges -- Challenges in advanced economies -- Challenges in emerging market and developing economies -- References -- Special Focus: Resolving High Debt after the Pandemic: Lessons from Past Episodes of Debt Relief -- Introduction -- Lessons from past debt resolutions -- Past debt resolution -- Past umbrella facilities for debt relief -- Commonalities among past umbrella frameworks for debt relief -- Differences among past umbrella frameworks for debt relief -- Changes in debt resolution and the emergence of collective action clauses -- The Common Framework in historical comparison -- Implications for future debt reduction and resolution -- References -- Chapter 2: Regional Outlooks -- East Asia and Pacific -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Europe and Central Asia -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Middle East and North Africa -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- South Asia -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- References -- Chapter 3: Commodity Price Cycles: Drivers and Policies -- Introduction.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Summary of Contents -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Global Outlook -- Summary -- Global context -- Pandemic developments -- Global trade -- Financial markets -- Commodity markets -- Major economies: Recent developments and outlook -- United States -- Euro area -- Japan -- China -- Emerging market and developing economies -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Global outlook and risks -- Global outlook -- Risks to the outlook -- Policy challenges -- Challenges in advanced economies -- Challenges in emerging market and developing economies -- Global coordination and cooperation -- Annex 1 Methodology -- References -- Chapter 2 Regional Outlooks -- East Asia and Pacific -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Europe and Central Asia -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Middle East and North Africa -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- South Asia -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- References -- Chapter 3 Global Economy: Heading into a Decade of Disappointments? -- Introduction -- Pre-pandemic decade of economic weakness -- Structural weaknesses in growth -- Downgraded expectations -- Economic impact of the pandemic -- Circumstances associated with downgraded prospects -- Downgrades after the global financial crisis -- Downgrades after country-specific adverse events -- Reform options -- Human capital accumulation -- Infrastructure investment -- Increasing the labor supply -- Creating a growth-friendly environment -- Effects of reforms -- Effects on potential growth -- Effects on growth expectations -- Conclusion -- Annex 3.1 Methodology: Local projection estimation.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Overview of main findings -- Size of economies -- GDP expenditure components -- Per capita measures -- Intercountry income inequality -- Price levels -- Variability across economies -- Comparison of 2017 results with revised 2011 results -- Chapter 2 ICP 2017 results -- Tables of 2017 results -- Survey framework -- Chapter 3 Purchasing power parities and real expenditures -- Concepts and definitions -- Use and applications of PPPs and real expenditures -- Chapter 4 Governance and organization -- Governance of ICP 2017 -- Regional and national organization -- Chapter 5 Methodology -- Conceptual framework -- Expenditure data -- Price data -- PPP calculation and estimation -- Chapter 6 Looking forward -- Appendix A: History of the International Comparison Program -- Appendix B: The ICP's governance framework -- The ICP's governance structure -- The roles and responsibilities of the ICP governance bodies -- Appendix C: ICP expenditure classification -- 2017 ICP expenditure classification structure -- Main aggregates -- Deriving actual individual consumption -- Facilitating the input price approach -- Adjusting household expenditure to the national concept -- Updates introduced for the 2017 ICP expenditure classification -- Appendix D: Reference PPPs used in ICP 2017 -- Appendix E: Revised 2011 results and comparisons with original ICP 2011 results -- Appendix F: Comparison of ICP 2017 results with World Development Indicators data -- Appendix G: ICP research agenda -- Appendix H: ICP data access and archive policy -- Background -- Data access objectives -- Guiding principles -- Procedures for archiving data -- Procedures for accessing data -- Appendix I: ICP revision policy -- Background -- Triggers for revising ICP indicators.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Global Outlook: A Fragile Recovery -- Summary -- Major economies: Recent developments and outlook -- Global trends -- Emerging market and developing economies: Recent developments and outlook -- Risks to the outlook -- Policy challenges -- References -- Box 1.1 Low-income countries: Recent developments and outlook -- Box 1.2 Regional perspectives: Recent developments and outlook -- Special Focus 1 Debt Dynamics in Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Time to Act? -- Introduction -- Evolution of fiscal positions -- Fiscal positions in episodes of financial stress -- Conclusion -- References -- Special Focus 2 Arm's-Length Trade: A Source of Post-Crisis Trade Weakness -- Introduction -- Characteristics of intra-firm and arm's-length trade -- Evolution of intra-firm and arm's-length trade since the crisis -- Factors contributing to the sharp post-crisis slowdown in arm's-length trade -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Regional Outlooks -- East Asia and Pacific -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Europe and Central Asia -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Box 2.2.1 Reversal in 2016 of diverging growth paths -- Risks -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Box 2.3.1 Continued growth divergence within Latin America and the Caribbean -- Risks -- Middle East and North Africa -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- South Asia -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Box 2.6.1 Deteriorating public finances in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Risks -- References -- Statistical Appendix -- Selected Topics -- Figures -- 1.1 Global prospects -- 1.2 Global risks and policy challenges -- 1.3 Advanced economies -- 1.4 United States -- 1.5 Euro Area.

Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Glossary -- Overview -- 1 Conceptual Framework, Stylized Facts, and the Role of the Government -- 2 The Use of Long-Term Finance by Firms and Households: Determinants and Impact -- 3 The Use of Markets for Long-Term Finance -- 4 Banks and Nonbank Financial Institutions as Providers of Long-Term Finance -- Statistical Appendixes -- A: Basic Data on Financial System Characteristics, 2011-13 -- B: Key Aspects of Long-Term Finance -- Bibliography -- BOXES -- O.1 Main Messages of This Report -- O.2 Practitioners' Views on Long-Term Finance: Global Financial Development Barometer -- O.3 The Role of Multilateral Development Banks in Mobilizing Long-Term Finance -- O.4 Navigating This Report -- 1.1 The Role of Infrastructure in Economic Development -- 1.2 A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Use of Long-Term Finance -- 1.3 Intermediaries and Markets for Long-Term Finance -- 1.4 Development Banks and Long-Term Finance: Two Different Approaches -- 1.5 Using Credit Guarantees to Reduce the Risk of Long-Term Lending -- 2.1 Firms' Long-Term Finance and Investment after the Global Financial Crisis -- 2.2 Did the Global Financial Crisis Affect Firms' Leverage and Debt Maturity? -- 2.3 What Explains the Variation of Firm Debt Maturity across Countries? -- 2.4 Contract Enforcement and Use of Long-Term Finance: Evidence from Debt Recovery Tribunals in India -- 2.5 The Impact of Credit Information Sharing on Loan Maturity -- 2.6 Information Asymmetries and Use of Long-Term Debt in the United States -- 2.7 Short-Term Debt and Good Governance: Are They Substitutes or Complements? -- 2.8 Political Connections and Firms' Use of Long-Term Debt in China -- 2.9 The Rise of the Annuity Market in Chile -- 2.10 Sensitivity of Human Capital Investment to the Development of Credit Markets.

International Debt Statistics (IDS) 2014 is a continuation of the World Bank???s publications Global Development Finance, Volume II (1997 through 2009) and the earlier World Debt Tables (1973 through 1996). IDS 2014 provides statistical tables showing the external debt of 128 developing countries that report public and publicly guaranteed external debt to the World Bank???s Debtor Reporting System (DRS). It also includes tables of key debt ratios for individual reporting countries and the composition of external debt stocks and flows for individual reporting countries and regional and income groups along with some graphical presentations. IDS 2014 draws on a database maintained by the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) system. Longer time series and more detailed data are available from the World Bank open databases, which contain more than 200 time series indicators, covering the years 1970 to 2012 for most reporting countries, and pipeline data for scheduled debt service payments on existing commitments to 2019. International Debt Statistics 2014 is unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of the developing world. This report is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. In addition, International Debt Statistics will showcase the broader spectrum of debt data collected and compiled by the World Bank. These include the high frequency, quarterly external debt database (QEDS) and the quarterly public sector database (QPSD) developed in partnership with the International Monetary Fund and launched by the World Bank.