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Social inequality is widely recognized as an important cause of conflict and the social determinants of health in conflict settings reflect and reinforce these inequalities. This publication explores the impact of conflict and occupation on the health of people in six countries of the region, identifying loss of human rights, breaches of medical neutrality and psychosocial distress as key determinants that affect people 's health in crisis settings. The publication also identifies some examples of activities and interventions that may help to mitigate the impact of these conflicts on the healt

There is a growing health workforce crisis in many countries. In the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, the disparity in supply and demand, geographic maldistribution in urban and rural settings and imbalance in the number of different categories of professionals, represent further dimensions of the crisis facing health system development and its health workforce. Human resources for health include trained health professionals as well as non-health professionals working in health systems and those who have gained some caring knowledge and skills and volunteer to support health in families and c

EMHJ is the official health journal published by the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization. It is a forum for the presentation and promotion of new policies and initiatives in health services; and for the exchange of ideas concepts epidemiological data research findings and other information with special reference to the Eastern Mediterranean Region. It addresses all members of the health profession medical and other health educational institutes interested NGOs WHO Collaborating Centres and individuals within and outside the Region ; EST une revue de santé officielle publiée par le Bureau régional de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé pour la Méditerranée orientale. Elle offre une tribune pour la présentation et la promotion de nouvelles politiques et initiatives dans le domaine de la santé publique et des services de santé ainsi qu'à l'échange d'idées de concepts de données épidémiologiques de résultats de recherches et d'autres informations se rapportant plus particulièrement à la Région de la Méditerranée orientale. Elle s'adresse à tous les professionnels de la santé aux membres des instituts médicaux et autres instituts de formation médico-sanitaire aux ONG Centres collaborateurs de l'OMS et personnes concernés au sein et hors de la Région ; هى المجلة الرسمية التى تصدرعن المكتب الاقليمى لشرق المتوسط بمنظمة الصحة العالمية. وهى منبر لتقديم السياسات و المبادرات الجديدة فى الخدمات الصحية والترويج لها، و لتبادل الاراء و المفاهيم و المعطيات الوبائية و نتائج الابحاث و غير ذلك من معلومات، و خاصة ما يتعلق منها باقليم شرق المتوسط. وهى موجهة الى كل اعضاء المهن الصحية، و الكليات الطبية و سائر المعاهد التعليمية، و كذا المنظمات غير الحكومية المعنية، و المراكز المتعاونة مع منظمة الصحة العالمية و الافراد المهتمين بالصحة فى الاقليم و خارجه ; 525 ; 591

Introduction Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental and other factors can all favour health or be harmful to 'good health'. The aim of health advocates is to modify these factors to promote health. Religion too provides opportunities to improve health. It can offer motivation, encouragement and support for healthy lifestyles and behavioural choices. The tobacco industry views religionbased tobacco control activities as a real threat. As far back as 1987, the industry had recognized the need "to develop a system by which Philip Morris can measure trends on the issue of Smoking and Islam". Their plan was to identify "Islamic religious leaders who oppose interpretations of the Qur'an which would ban the use of tobacco and encourage support for these leaders." In 2002, the Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia adopted a new and radical policy approach to strengthening tobacco control through religion. It launched an initiative to make the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina, not just smoke-free but literally tobacco-free. The rationale and experiences of the Saudi government in regulating tobacco use in Mecca and Medina are examined in this report.