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AbstractUsing the most recent data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey for China, this research shows that ownership structure significantly impacts firm performance and firm characteristics. Our results show the importance of getting to grips with government regulation, as the time spent by senior management dealing with government regulation is the most significant independent variable. Another key finding of this article is that China has excellent economic institutions conducive to doing business. It is far easier to conduct business in China than in the other BRIC countries. We conclude that partial privatizations of state‐owned enterprises on their own are unlikely to bring substantial efficiency gains. Reforms must also include better incentives and monitoring of management. Our findings are robust and consistent with various controls, alternative measures of firm performance, and different estimation methods, including quantile regression.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of self-employment, using data from the British Household Panel Survey.Design/methodology/approach– Using the maximum likelihood estimation, the authors estimate the Probit models via disaggregation of the sample by male and female, and inclusion of regional and industrial controls.Findings– This paper finds that the intergenerational links in self-employment run significantly through father-son, and mother-daughter. In addition, the authors find that lump-sum endowment, aspiration, marriage and education attainment are all significant and positive determinants for female self-employed while insignificant for male self-employed. Variables including number of children, health of the individual, and age effect are more important determinants for male than for female self-employed.Research limitations/implications– The findings show that there are significant differences between male and female self-employed. Future studies on self-employment should therefore distinguish the two genders in their econometric models.Originality/value– The authors reinforce and add to the exiting literature on gender differences in the determinants of self-employment. The authors disaggregate the data by gender, and introduce some important variables for empirical studies, such as father self-employed, mother self-employed, aspiration, health of the individual, and age effect.