Suchergebnisse

In recent years, the electoral situation in Spain, has been marked by the issue of Catalan independence, which has conditioned the electoral agenda of all parties and the frames of political discourse. Against the idea of a violent movement that the Spanish nationalist parties and government want to transmit to Spanish society about the separatist movement, the nationalist parties' and Catalan government turn to nonviolent discourse and action. This nonviolent behavior is based on what in the past century was defended by some public intellectuals, such as Albert Camus. Indeed, Camus is our exemplar because he also raises issues that continue to be relevant, especially in advocating principles and methods of nonviolent political action. Furthermore, Camus did so in situations of war and injustice through tactics typical of political communication the of activist groups. This article wants to show how current and how effective the ideas of Camus are today, when it is 60 years since his death, in some national electoral discourses and actions, and serve for activism PR purposes in the political communication frame.

The purpose of this article is to explore the emergence of a strategic communication management of dissent (the so called dissent public relations) and to set its beginnings in the context of ancient Greek comedy represented by Aristophanes. Indeed, Old Comedy was the first great example of mass communication in which political satire was used to dissent and protest against political and social circumstances in fifth-century BC Athens. This situation was determined by the Peloponnesian War and its political, economic and social consequences. From this perspective, this article also constitutes an investigation into the intellectual history of public relations, of which Aristophanes can be considered one of its first practitioners. ; El propósito de este artículo es explorar los orígenes del surgimiento de una gestión de la comunicación estratégica del disenso (las llamadas relaciones públicas de disenso) fijando sus inicios en el contexto de la comedia aristofánica. Ciertamente, la Comedia Antigua fue el primer gran ejemplo de comunicación de masas en la que se utilizó la sátira política para disentir y protestar contra las circunstancias políticas y sociales en la Atenas del siglo V a.C. Esta situación fue desencadenada por la Guerra del Peloponeso y sus consecuencias políticas, económicas y sociales. Desde esta perspectiva, este artículo también constituye una investigación sobre la historia intelectual de las relaciones públicas, de la que Aristófanes puede ser considerado uno de sus primeros practicantes.

Climate change denial (i.e., organized attempts to downplay, deny, or dismiss scientific consensus on the extent of global warming, its significance, and its connection to human behavior) has been a recurrently researched topic in the United States, but is far less studied in Europe, where it is currently gathering force. The truth is that, as in the United States, climate deniers are a tiny minority in Europe. Their numbers contrast starkly with the overwhelming majority of scientists who agree on the reality of man-made climate change and the urgent need for action. However, the voices of climate deniers in Europe are amplified by a handful of influence groups, mainly think tanks, which consistently conceal their sources of funding and final interests. This situation can be approached from a strategic communication perspective, specifically within the framework of the situational theory of publics. From this standpoint, the knowledge of different variables relating to publics in a given situation regarding a public issue (like climate change) can determine the communication strategies chosen by deniers to amplify climate change denial arguments and will introduce their main communication strategies and messages.

This article presents an exploratory study of the current status of public relationsin Spain on the basis of elements and indicators applied to other countries in thestudy The Global Public Relations Handbook (2009). Spain is one of the most notableabsentees from the study; this article therefore fills a hole in current public relationsresearch and theory. The conclusion is that Spain is a country that has undergoneradical change, from a dictatorship to one of the world's most democratic systems,substantially transforming its economic system, its culture and its society. Thistransformation has had a crucial effect on the practice of those professions whichhave freedom of expression as their legal foundation; one such example is publicrelations, which has grown from an emerging industry into an established profession

In Spain, there is a great deal of talk about the phenomenon of the Americanization of politics, that is, the influence of the U.S. campaign model in Spain and on the different political campaigns held in its territory—national campaigns and campaigns to elect the parliaments of the 17 autonomous communities into which the country is divided politically. The differences between the electoral systems, and between the cultures and the societies, of the United States and Spain are evident, but there are some characteristics that show that they have increasingly more elements in common, attributable mainly to the American training of the Spanish spin doctors and to how the opportunities of the new mass media are leveraged. However, this article suggests that the debate on the Americanization of electoral campaigns in Spain is insufficient. It is essential to see how the political parties should adapt their communication processes and their rhetorical strategies to an ever-changing society where the weight of the media and new technologies is becoming increasingly greater. Society changes, it becomes modernized, and therefore, the way we reach it should also change, as has been seen in the latest electoral campaigns in Spanish territory. The subject of this study are the latest elections to the Spanish Parliament and to the Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia.

This article presents an exploratory study of the current status of public relationsin Spain on the basis of elements and indicators applied to other countries in thestudy The Global Public Relations Handbook (2009). Spain is one of the most notableabsentees from the study; this article therefore fills a hole in current public relationsresearch and theory. The conclusion is that Spain is a country that has undergoneradical change, from a dictatorship to one of the world's most democratic systems,substantially transforming its economic system, its culture and its society. Thistransformation has had a crucial effect on the practice of those professions whichhave freedom of expression as their legal foundation; one such example is publicrelations, which has grown from an emerging industry into an established profession

The aim of this article is to analyze public diplomacy efforts of noncentral governments through sport. The object of the study is Catalonia, a Spanish autonomous region with its own government but without power over national foreign affairs. Public diplomacy links up with relationship building between governments of nation-states and other nation-states and its citizens. However, noncentral governments, as Catalonia, and other organizations with powerful national identity symbols, such as sports organizations, also develop public relations activities to build an international reputation of regions. In the field of sports, some of these territories were given the name of sport countries in the 2003 Barcelona Conference. This article concludes by considering the notion of soft power as coined by Nye to frame the role of sports diplomacy efforts of regional actors.

Los denominados think tank -fenómeno eminentemente norteamericano o, a lo sumo, anglosajón, aunque su expansión en los países desarrollados es notable- pueden ser considerados públicos especiales de los programas de comunicación corporativa promovidos principalmente por grupos de presión, al tiempo que son, per se, actores privilegiados de la actual comunicación política, cada día más nutrida por las técnicas de las relaciones públicas. No obstante, la evolución de estos institutos de análisis político en los últimos tiempos los está asimilando operativamente a los grupos de presión tradicionales, siendo organizaciones que promueven, como éstos, mayoritariamente estrategias de relaciones públicas. Esta ambivalencia los convierte en un objeto de análisis relevante para el estudioso de la comunicación política y de las relaciones públicas. ; Think tanks -basically American phenomenon or, at most, Anglo-Saxon although his development in others countries is notable- can be considerate special publics in corporate communication programs mostly promote by pressure groups, and they are privileged actors of the contemporary political communication, every day more fed by the public relations techniques. However, the evolution of those political analysis institutes in the last years to resemble them traditional pressure groups, and they are organizations that promote, like those, public relations strategies for the most part. This ambivalence transform them in an important analysis object for the political communication and public relations specialist.

The intellectual history of public relations has not paid attention to British political philosopher Thomas Hobbes. This article aims to close this gap. Following the so-called philosophy of prestige (Carnevali, 2012), the article applies Hobbes' doctrine of natural law and human passions to public relations historiography. Indeed, considering recognition and reputation to be critical elements for human beings in a conflictual society in which gaining power was the main goal, Hobbes anticipated critical public relations thinking. In the Hobbesian system, because recognition is a social capital, reputation management becomes the most appropriate relational strategy to negotiate and gain power. Accordingly, uncertainty characterizes reputation and dealing with it fits into risk management. Although Hobbes never used the concepts of public relations or reputational risk, he was the first thinker to approach social relations from a conflictual perspective and view reputation as a risk deriving from it. Thus, through his approach, Hobbes opened up a new perspective, differing from those of other renowned Renaissance thinkers like Machiavelli or even some of his contemporaries, like Gracián, who also dealt with the idea of reputation.