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In his Marxism and the Philosophy of Language, Mikhail Bakhtin contends that language does not merely reflect the world, but actually constructs ideology of a society. The ideology of Chinese communism is disseminated through morally charged slogans, political campaigns, and the mass participation of political rituals. This chapter explores the discursive construction of 'the new communist person' by examining the speeches and writings of Mao Zedong (1893-1976), the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China between 1949 to 1976. While vehemently propagating Marxist theory of class struggle and reinforcing class-consciousness into the Chinese mind, Mao's discursive construction of 'the New Communist Person' utilized and appropriated traditional Chinese values and rhetorical resources. Through rhetorical features such as metaphors, analogies, role models, and guilt redemption, Mao successfully persuaded many Chinese people to become selfless, loyal to the Party, and dedicated to the communist cause. I will identify and analyze these rhetorical features. I contend that while Mao's discourse has its moral appeal, it has also created a radical ideology and unrealistic illusion among the Chinese people. The forced self-criticism political ritual used to construct 'the new communist person' has brought humiliation to many Chinese intellectuals. Whereas Mao's legacy lives on in today's China, the discourse of 'the socialist core values', propagated by the current Chinese government has lost its rhetorical appeal due to ideological crisis.

PurposeThis study's purpose is to examine benevolent leadership's effect on employee silence, as moderated by perceived employee agreement on leader behaviors and cultural value orientations.Design/methodology/approachTwo-wave survey data were collected from 240 Chinese employees working in various industries. Hierarchical regression and simple slope analysis were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsBenevolent leadership was negatively related to employee silence. When perceived employee agreement on leader behaviors was high, employees with high power-distance orientation or low vertical individualism were more sensitive to benevolent leadership and engaged in less silence.Practical implicationsManagers are advised to exhibit benevolent behaviors to mitigate employees' tendency to remain silence. Organizations and managers can also design interventions to encourage employees with low power distance or high vertical individualism to speak up.Originality/valueThis study advances the understanding of the relationship between benevolent leadership and employee silence. By highlighting the moderating role of employees' perception of leader behaviors and their cultural value orientations, this study helps explain the conditions that when employees choose to keep silence or not.

The role of board secretaries is a unique institutional feature in China. Individuals in this senior executive role are responsible for coordinating information disclosure. We study the impact of board secretaries on management earnings forecasts and find that their legal expertise, accounting expertise and foreign experience help improve management earnings forecast quality. The quality of forecasts, as indicated by their occurrence, frequency, precision and accuracy, is also positively associated with the role duality (e.g. board director, CFO or other senior executive role) and equity holdings of board secretaries and negatively associated with their political connection. The quality of forecasts is found to increase the compensation of board secretaries. Finally, we show that the equity holding of board secretaries reduces litigation risks and increases corporate philanthropic giving.

This paper presents the variations and implications of contract farming arrangements in three case studies - cabbage, maize, and sugarcane - in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). The variations in contract farming resulted in varying implications in terms of agreement types, degree of flexibility, extent of material support, and strength of relationships between the contracting farmer and the firm. Overall, contract farming has resulted in beneficial material and non-material outcomes for the Lao PDR farmers as observed in the three case studies. The extent of the benefits varies according to the contract farming arrangement. The results of the case studies strongly suggest that there is no single contract farming model that can work best in all situations, and that contract farming models are crafted to address certain production and marketing limitations that prevent efficient functioning of industries and markets. However, considering the higher levels of access to services of contract farming farmers and the high levels of overall satisfaction with contract farming, it would appear that engaging in contract farming is a valuable way to enter into commercial, cross-border agriculture. The policies promoting cross-border trade and small-scale contract farming appear to be generating positive results and should be maintained and enhanced.

This paper presents the variations and implications of contract farming arrangements in three case studies - cabbage, maize, and sugarcane - in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). The variations in contract farming resulted in varying implications in terms of agreement types, degree of flexibility, extent of material support, and strength of relationships between the contracting farmer and the firm. Overall, contract farming has resulted in beneficial material and non-material outcomes for the Lao PDR farmers as observed in the three case studies. The extent of the benefits varies according to the contract farming arrangement. The results of the case studies strongly suggest that there is no single contract farming model that can work best in all situations, and that contract farming models are crafted to address certain production and marketing limitations that prevent efficient functioning of industries and markets. However, considering the higher levels of access to services of contract farming farmers and the high levels of overall satisfaction with contract farming, it would appear that engaging in contract farming is a valuable way to enter into commercial, cross-border agriculture. The policies promoting cross-border trade and small-scale contract farming appear to be generating positive results and should be maintained and enhanced.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction Chinese Culture and Communication: Diverse Contexts and Comparison with the West -- 1 Revolution and Us: A Cultural Rendition of Political Movements in Contemporary China -- 2 Culture and Modernization: The Case of the People's Republic of China -- 3 The Problem of the Public: John Dewey's Theory of Communication and Its Influence on Modern Chinese Communication -- 4 Chinese Culture and Its (Post) Modern Fate: Three Debates and One Critique -- 5 Women and the Rhetorical Tradition in Premodern China: A Preliminary Sketch -- 6 Creating a Female Language: Symbolic Transformation Embedded in Nushu -- 7 Hierarchy Is Not Harmony: A View of the Traditional Chinese Family -- 8 Chinese Family Consumer Socialization: A Study of Chinese Urban Adolescents' Involvement in Family Purchasing Activities -- 9 Karaoke as a Form of Communication in the Public and Interpersonal Contexts of Taiwan -- 10 Market and Politics: Hong Kong Press during Sovereignty Transfer -- 11 Humanism and Human Rights: A Comparison between the Occidental and Oriental Traditions -- 12 Talking Cultures: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and U. S. American Stories about Human Rights -- 13 Comparison of Chinese and American Views on World Opinion: A Rhetorical Study of Media Reports -- 14 Pan Gu's Paradigm: Chinese Education's Return to Holistic Communication in Learning -- 15 Chinese Rhetoric through Chinese Textbooks: Uniquely Chinese? -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- About the Editors and Contributors.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Significance of Chinese Communication Theory and Research in a Glocalizing World -- I State of the Field -- 1 Communication Studies in China: State of the Art -- 2 Intercultural/ Interpersonal Communication Research in China: A Preliminary Review -- 3 Chinese Communication Theory and Practice: A Tier- Based Perspective -- II Metatheoretical Critique -- 4 A Critical Examination of the Eurocentric Representation of Chinese Communication -- 5 Masculinity Index and Communication Style: An East Asian Perspective -- III Theory and Research in Context -- 6 Comparative Studies of Chinese and Western Rhetorics: Reflections and Challenges -- 7 "The Assimilation of Western Learning": An Overlooked Area of Intercultural Communication -- 8 Research on Chinese Communication Campaigns: A Historical Review -- 9 Balancing Ideals and Interests: Toward a Chinese Perspective of Development Communication -- 10 Chinese Health Communication in the Old and New Millennia -- 11 What We Still Need to Know about Chinese Negotiation -- 12 Advertising with Chinese Characteristics: The Development of Advertising in China, 1979- 1999 -- IV Challenges of Glocalization -- 13 The Interface Between Culture and Technology in Chinese Communication -- 14 Computer- Mediated Communication: Internet Development and New Challenges in China -- 15 The Essential Role of Chinese as the World's Leading Logographic Writing System in Global Communication -- 16 Problems and Prospects of Chinese Communication Study -- Index -- About the Editors and Contributors.