Suchergebnisse

(1): Financing health services in poor rural China. A strategy for health sector reform. / Gu Xing-Yuan ... - 32 S. : graph. Darst. - (... ; 17). - ISBN 1-85864-013-X.; (2): Health expenditure and finance in three poor counties of China. / Gu Xing-Yuan ... (eds.). - 65 S. - (... ; 21). - ISBN 1-85864-048-2

AbstractThis article is a case study on the Yunnanese scholar Li Yuanyang under the background of the Ming's incorporating and sinicizing Yunnan, exploring how he views the Ming's actions and writes Yunnan's becoming a part of China. First, it retells Li's life experiences and examines the Yunnan native things and Chinese traditions in his writings. Then, after noting his emphasis of Yunnan's belonging to China, it concentrates on his comments on the Ming's military campaigns. As it analyzes, on the one hand, he justifies these campaigns against indigenous rebellions, on the other hand, he also criticizes unnecessary wars and some imperial officials' selfish deeds. Besides, he considers the constructing and reconstructing projects as a symbol of the central state's righteous governance, which should also bring benefit and benevolence to the indigenes. In a word, Li's case reflects the deep impact of the Ming's invasion on the local elites, as well as how they react to this.

China is engaged in a major debate about the future of its health services. One reason for this is government's recognition that basic preventive and curative health services are an essential component of an anti-poverty strategy. This article outlines the major issues a strategy for re-establishing effective services in poor rural areas will have to address. It argues that government will have to develop a systematic approach to reform, that takes into account the economic and institutional environment within which the health services function. (IDS/DÜI)

By the late 1970s most of China's rural population had access to basic health services at a reasonable cost. Since then the transition to a market economy has affected the rural health services in a number of ways. This article outlines how changes in the system of health finance and a radical decentralisation of public administration have led to cost increases and deterioration of some health services. It argues that policy makers need to redefine government's role in the health sector in the context of the emerging market economy. (IDS/DÜI)

AbstractThe changes which have taken place in the Chinese economy since the late 1970s have affected rural health services in a number of ways: local prepayment schemes have collapsed and most people pay in cash for medical care; health facilities have more autonomy from the government; and political mobilization for health has decreased. In the less developed parts of the country poor households cannot get the health services they require and health facilities face financial problems. China's policy makers face an imposing agenda of issues which could lead them towards a fundamental redefinition of the relationships between users and providers of health services, third‐party payers, local government health departments and local professional and community organizations.

AbstractThe existing evidence on the environmental effects of vehicular emissions regulation almost comes from developed countries, but the effectiveness of this policy tool in developing countries, especially in China, remains unclear. This study, for the first time, examined the mitigating effects of China's vehicular emissions regulation on air pollution at the prefecture level cities, by using the latest implementation of China's National Vehicular Emissions Standard VI (CHINA-VI) as a quasi-natural experimental process of policy shocks. To this end, monthly data from 2018 to 2020 was applied to construct a difference-in-differences (DID) model. The results showed that pilot cities' air quality index (AQI) significantly decreased by 4.74 compared to non-pilot cities after the implementation of CHINA-VI. Also, the concentration of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 has decreased by 3.6 μg∕m3, 6.4 μg∕m3, and 3.0 μg∕m3, respectively, which means the new China's vehicular emissions regulation has comprehensively improved air quality. The findings are still valid after a series of robustness tests using different estimation methods such as PSM-DID and IV-2SLS. In addition, we also found heterogeneity in the environmental performance of CHINA-VI across cities. Specifically, cities with lower levels of green finance development and public environmental concern showed a greater emissions reduction effect, but smart cities showed a greater emissions reduction effect than non-smart cities.

BACKGROUND Rural infant growth failure has been highlighted as a priority for action in China's national nutrition and child development policies. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of community-based intervention project on child feeding, child health care and child growth. METHODS From 2001 to 2005, UNICEF and China's Ministry of Health worked together to develop holistic strategies for child health care. All the interventions were implemented through the three-tier (county-township-village) rural health care network.In this study, 34 counties were included in both surveys in 2001 and 2005. Among these 34 counties, nine were subjected to the intervention and 25 counties were used as controls. In nine intervention counties, leaflets containing information of supplemental feeding of infants and young children were printed and distributed to women during hospital delivery or visit to newborn by village doctors. Two cross-sectional surveys were both conducted from July to early September in 2001 and 2005. We calculated Z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ), with the new WHO growth standard. HAZ < - 2 was defined as stunting, WAZ < - 2 was defined as underweight, and WHZ < - 2 was defined as wasting. RESULTS Following the four-year study period, the parents in the intervention group showed significantly better infant and young child feeding practices and behaviors of child care than did their control group counterparts. In addition, all three anthropometric indicators in 2005 in the intervention group were better than in the control, with stunting 4.9% lower (p < 0.001), underweight 2.2% lower (p < 0.001), and wasting 1.0% lower (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the health care education intervention embed in government had the potential to be successfully promoted in rural western China.

PurposeMany traditional retailers use the internet as a complementary business channel while "pure player" retailers only sell products via the internet. The question of who is better at offering electronic physical distribution service quality (e‐PDSQ) is open to debate. But, despite e‐PDSQ's importance there are few empirical studies and most have focused on general service quality of internet shopping or web site design. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and empirically test a conceptual framework for e‐PDSQ from the consumer's perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis paper follows a two‐stage paradigm for scale and construct development, which is presented in a framework based on the concept of order fulfilment as a key driver in e‐PDSQ. Consumer postal surveys were conducted in Edinburgh, UK.FindingsThe consumer survey confirmed the appropriateness of the adopted e‐PDSQ framework. The finding that price is the most important online purchasing criteria is in accordance with Verdict which suggests that price is the principle motivator in the home delivery market as the retailing market is getting more price‐transparent and consumers are becoming more price‐sensitive.Originality/valueEarlier work has provided insight into how e‐PDSQ, represented by availability, timeliness and reliability. This paper extends this work and empirically tests and confirms an e‐PDSQ framework to investigate differences between multi‐channel and pure player retailers, and provides a parsimonious set of e‐PDSQ variables and constructs for retailers to use to design and operate their online offerings.