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Modern Applied Regressions creates an intricate and colorful mural with mosaics of categorical and limited response variable (CLRV) models using both Bayesian and Frequentist approaches. Written for graduate students, junior researchers, and quantitative analysts in behavioral, health, and social sciences, this text provides details for doing Bayesian and frequentist data analysis of CLRV models. Each chapter can be read and studied separately with R coding snippets and template interpretation for easy replication. Along with the doing part, the text provides basic and accessible statistical theories behind these models and uses a narrative style to recount their origins and evolution. This book first scaffolds both Bayesian and frequentist paradigms for regression analysis, and then moves onto different types of categorical and limited response variable models, including binary, ordered, multinomial, count, and survival regression. Each of the middle four chapters discusses a major type of CLRV regression that subsumes an array of important variants and extensions. The discussion of all major types usually begins with the history and evolution of the prototypical model, followed by the formulation of basic statistical properties and an elaboration on the doing part of the model and its extension. The doing part typically includes R codes, results, and their interpretation. The last chapter discusses advanced modeling and predictive techniques--multilevel modeling, causal inference and propensity score analysis, and machine learning--that are largely built with the toolkits designed for the CLRV models previously covered. The online resources for this book, including R and Stan codes and supplementarynotes, can be accessed at https://sites.google.com/site/socjunxu/home/statistics/modernapplied-regressions.

Foundation -- Information Systems for Competitive Advantages -- Information Systems Planning and Evaluation -- Developing and Implementing Information Systems -- Managing Organization's Knowledge Resources -- Managing Infrastructure for Information Systems -- Using Information Systems for Enhancing Internal Operation -- Using Information Systems for Improving External Relations -- Using Information Systems for Supporting Decision Making -- Information Systems Operation Management

Objective. This article examines the black‐white gap in confidence in education in the United States and how the gap has changed over time.Method. The study uses ordinal logit regression on General Social Surveys (1974–2002).Results. Whites have less confidence in education, partly because whites tend to have higher levels of education, income, and conservatism, and are more likely to be affiliated with the Republican Party and evangelical denominations. The black‐white gap is largest at lower levels of education, and disappears among college graduates. The gap shrinks during Republican control of the presidency in the United States, and widens during Democratic control.Conclusion. The black‐white gap in confidence is not due solely to individual factors, but also to the larger political context and to the groups' different relationships to the institution of education.

Abstract
Background Preoperative planning mainly relies on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and computed tomography angiography. However, neither technique can reveal thrombi in giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs). In this study, we aimed to reconstruct the circulating and noncirculating parts of GIAs with the time-of-flight (TOF) and motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium (MSDE) sequences with 3D Slicer to reveal an integrated presentation of GIAs, compare its accuracy, and validate the usefulness for preoperative planning.
Material and Methods Patients with GIAs who were treated with microsurgery in our department were included in this study. Both the TOF and MSDE sequence data for each patient were loaded into 3D Slicer for reconstruction and segmentation. The parameters measured by 3D Slicer were compared with those measured by DSA.
Results The mean diameter for all GIAs was 28.7 ± 1.5 mm (range, 25.9–31.9 mm). The mean diameter for all GIAs measured by DSA and 3D Slicer was 24.46 ± 5.25 and 28.66 ± 1.48 mm, respectively (t = 4.948, p < 0.01). When only the nonthrombotic GIAs were included, the mean diameter measured by DSA and 3D Slicer was 28.69 ± 2.03 and 28.97 ± 1.79 mm, respectively (t = 1.023, p = 0.323). The mean aneurysmal volume was 8,292.6 ± 1,175.1 mm3 and the mean thrombotic volume was 3,590.0 ± 1,003.7 mm3.
Conclusion The MSDE sequence brings diagnostic benefits as a comparison to other MRI sequences. Reconstruction of GIAs with 3D Slicer is a low-cost, dependable, and useful supplemental technique for surgical planning.