Suchergebnisse

The systematic thought of "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass ice is a community of life" requires us to set up an overall view of ecological governance. To evaluate the effectiveness of natural resource protection and management and respond to the public's concern about the shortage of resources, it is necessary to carry out the accounting work of natural resources. However, the accounting work of natural resources under the background of ecological civilization construction is still in the stage of groping forward. This paper creatively analyzes the classification of natural resources assets, the determination of natural assets value, the confirmation and measurement of resource liabilities and net assets through accounting, and explores the system and method of compiling the balance sheet of natural resources, which has certain reference value to realize the sustainable development of natural resources ecological civilization construction. This paper calculates the original ownership and use rights of land, mineral resources and water resources in a city of China. The results show that land transfer fees increased by 127,996.24 million yuan, the ending balance of natural resources taxes and land resources reserves in storage at the end of the year was 27,956 million yuan, the loss of coal resources was 300 tons, and water resources decreased by 85,062 million cubic meters.

Western Marxist scholars take "immaterial labor," "audience labor" and "prosumer labor" as the core categories to explain the problem of the value creation and profit sources of digital capital in online production and consumption activities in the Web 2.0 era. By analyzing the production process of digital capitalism, they have come to the conclusion that contemporary capitalist production has taken on an overall "novel" character. On the basis of the special cost structure of digital capitalist production, the increasing "fuzziness" of production time and living time, and the disappearance of the boundary between paid labor and unpaid labor under digital capitalism, they draw the conclusion that the law of value has become invalid in the era of "digital production and consumption." However, once digital labor and its results are placed within Marx's analytical framework, and are interpreted in terms of such categories as "direct production process of capitalism," "fixed capital accumulation pattern" and "classification of productive labor and non-productive labor," it becomes clear that the brilliant achievements of digital capital are best understood as the results of innovative modes of surplus-value possession or distribution, rather than of new methods of surplus-value creation, and that the conclusion that the law of value has failed represents a misreading or misinterpretation of Marx's labor theory of value. Although the digital capitalist mode of production is serving partially to dissipate the role of the law of value, this law as the general principle regulating global capitalist production remains effective in the contemporary world.

Objective: This study adopts J. Rasmussen's (1985) abstraction hierarchy (AH) framework as an analytical tool to identify problems and pinpoint opportunities to enhance complex systems. Background: The process of identifying problems and generating recommendations for complex systems using conventional methods is usually conducted based on incompletely defined work requirements. As the complexity of systems rises, the sheer mass of data generated from these methods becomes unwieldy to manage in a coherent, systematic form for analysis. There is little known work on adopting a broader perspective to fill these gaps. Method: AH was used to analyze an aircraft-automation system in order to further identify breakdowns in pilot-automation interactions. Four steps follow: developing an AH model for the system, mapping the data generated by various methods onto the AH, identifying problems based on the mapped data, and presenting recommendations. Results: The breakdowns lay primarily with automation operations that were more goal directed. Identified root causes include incomplete knowledge content and ineffective knowledge structure in pilots' mental models, lack of effective higher-order functional domain information displayed in the interface, and lack of sufficient automation procedures for pilots to effectively cope with unfamiliar situations. Conclusion: The AH is a valuable analytical tool to systematically identify problems and suggest opportunities for enhancing complex systems. It helps further examine the automation awareness problems and identify improvement areas from a work domain perspective. Application: Applications include the identification of problems and generation of recommendations for complex systems as well as specific recommendations regarding pilot training, flight deck interfaces, and automation procedures.

Chapter 1. What is Cryptoeconomics? Chapter 2. Mechanisms of Consensus Chapter 3. Optimized Consensus Mechanism Chapter 4. Game Theory and Cryptoeconomics Chapter 5. Behavioral Economics and Cryptoeconomics Chapter 6. Cryptoeconomics and the Security of Blockchain Chapter 7. Blockchain in China Chapter 8. The Future of Cryptoeconomics

This paper explores the history of free zones in Ghana and Ghanaian policy makers' related strategy. It looks at the "role of China" in these zones: both in terms of Chinese companies' presence there, and in terms of reference to a "Chinese model" to develop free zones. On the one hand, the domestic success of special economic zones in China has validated this model and justified the creation of "Chinese SEZs" in a few African countries. On the other hand, despite a significant presence of Chinese investors and companies in Ghana - including one newly established Chinese industrial park - we find that China's role in Ghanaian free zones is negligible. We attribute this finding, together with the absence of "Chinese SEZs" in Ghana, to a host of variables, including: Ghanaian leaders' and policy-makers' strategies, the country's framework and trajectory with regard to free zones, the business environment, and some missed political opportunities.

Empirical studies have demonstrated that the anthropomorphism of products has positive effects on consumers' attitudes and behaviors toward those products. However, our findings in two experiments suggest that product anthropomorphism might produce negative effects under certain conditions.
People who were socially excluded and who had high self-esteem evaluated anthropomorphized products more negatively than did those with low self-esteem, and the distinctiveness motivation mediated the effect of this interaction of social exclusion and self-esteem on attitudes toward anthropomorphized
products. Our findings extend extant knowledge of product anthropomorphism and provide marketing managers with practical suggestions for applying marketing strategies that utilize anthropomorphized products.