AbstractBased on panel regression analysis and interviews of 70 foreign‐invested enterprises (FIEs) in 2009, this paper compares the spatial dynamics and redistribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) fromHongKong,Taiwan,Japan and theUSinGuangdong province. We found thatFDIinGuangdong tends to favour cities closer toHongKong, with lower wage rates, better market potential and more preferential policies, and to follow the agglomeration ofFDIfrom the same origin. The diverse home‐based characteristics have resulted into the varied pathways of spatial redistribution ofFDI.HongKongFIEshave been searching for lower‐cost regions given the rise of production cost and tightened environmental regulation. In contrast, the redistribution ofFIEsfromJapan andTaiwan are more sensitive to their home‐based business linkages, whereas Japanese and theUS FIEstend to value access to domestic market and to expand in large cities outsideGuangdong.
Since China's economic reform and opening up to the outside world, foreign investment has become the major dynamo of regional development in China. Under the polarized development strategy in the 1980s and 1990s, foreign investment has been highly concentrated in the coastal regions and the uneven distribution of foreign investment may be partly responsible for the significant regional disparity at the inter-provincial or even intra-provincial level within the country. Since the early 2000s, with China's integration into the global economy and the dynamic economic restructuring in the coastal regions, foreign investment has been undergoing redistribution with the country. Based on a combination of both quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study examines the spatio-temporal pattern and dynamics of foreign investment from different sources within a full coverage of time periods from China's opening up to recent years (1980-2006) at the intra-provincial level in Guangdong. This study demonstrates that the spatio-temporal pattern of foreign investment in Guangdong has transformed from having Shenzhen as its single growth pole in the early stage to having Shenzhen and Guangzhou as bi-growth poles in the later stages and foreign investment has widely diffused via the transportation lines from the growth poles to the peripheral regions within or out of the province. The emergence of Shenzhen instead of Guangzhou as the initial growth pole enriches traditional theories and empirical experiences of having the historic economic and industrial centre as the growth pole in the early stage of take-off of a region. Moreover, this study examines the theoretical base and effectiveness of the growth pole strategy and argues that it can be a means of transferring economic growth to new regions instead of reinforcing the cumulative effects of polarized development. Most failure of the growth pole strategy is due to the procedure of the implementation instead of the theoretical base of the strategy. To explain the initial and ongoing diffusion of foreign investment in Guangdong, this study proposes a multi-level analytical framework, which includes the push and pull factors of home and host regions at the local level, the role of government at the regional level, the structure of global production network at the global level, and the characteristics of foreign investment form different sources at the firm level. Specifically, four distinctive diffusion models of foreign investment are identified, i.e. the "cost-and-government-driven" model of Hong Kong firms, the "supply-chain-driven" model of Taiwan firms, the "market-and-group-driven" model of Japan firms, and the "market-and-institution-driven" model of US firms. This study suggests that the local push and pull factors are far from enough in interpreting such dynamic and various patterns of the diffusion of foreign investment, which should be put into a multi-level context including the local, regional, global and firm level factors and considerations. In-depth knowledge of the spatio-temporal pattern and dynamics of foreign investment from different sources is considered as the prerequisite to improve the efficiency of government development policies. ; published_or_final_version ; Urban Planning and Design ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy
Aircraft detection in remote sensing images (RSIs) has drawn widespread attention in recent years, which has been widely used in the military and civilian fields. While the complex background, variations of aircraft pose and size bring great difficulties to the effective detection. In this paper, we propose a novel aircraft target detection scheme based on small training samples. The scheme is coarse-to-fine, which consists of two main stages: region proposal and target identification. First, in the region proposal stage, a circular intensity filter, which is designed based on the characteristics of the aircraft target, can quickly locate the centers of multi-scale suspicious aircraft targets in the RSIs pyramid. Then the target regions can be extracted by adding bounding boxes. This step can get high-quality but few candidate regions. Second, in the stage of target identification, we proposed a novel rotation-invariant feature, which combines rotation-invariant histogram of oriented gradient and vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD). The feature can characterize the aircraft target well by avoiding the impact of its rotation and can be effectively used to remove false alarms. Experiments are conducted on Remote Sensing Object Detection (RSOD) dataset to compare the proposed method with other advanced methods. The results show that the proposed method can quickly and accurately detect aircraft targets in RSIs and achieve a better performance.
PurposeThis study investigated the effect of individual perceptions of innovation-oriented human resource system (IHRS) on individual innovative work behavior (IWB) and how this effect is realized.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an online questionnaire survey at three time points with 481 employees in three Chinese organizations. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships among the variables.FindingsPerceived IHRS was found to positively influence IWB, and this effect was sequentially mediated by individual perceptions of innovative culture and intrinsic motivation.Practical implicationsIn order to elicit IWB, HR systems should be constructed around the strategic objective of innovation. Moreover, there should be a match between IHRS and innovative culture to trigger intrinsic motivation and ultimately IWB.Originality/valueThis study examines the effect of perceptions of IHRS on individuals' IWBs; Moreover, it integrates organizational culture and individual motivation and finds a chain mediating role of individual perceptions of innovative culture and intrinsic motivation in the relationship between IHRS and IWB.
