Suchergebnisse

Doktora Tezi ; Bu çalışma, 1991 yılında bağımsız bir devlet olarak uluslararası ilişkiler sahnesine çıkan Kazakistan'ın Türkiye politikasını belirleyen içyapı faktörlerini (siyasal partiler, başkanlık ve rejimin yapısı, bürokratik kurumlar, sivil toplum kurumları, çıkar grupları, kamuoyu, medya ve lider) ele almaktadır. İçyapı kavramı, ortak dil, soy, din ve tarih anlayışının Kazakistan'ın Türkiye politikasının oluşmasında önemli olduğu fakat tek başına belirleyici olmadığı düşüncesine zemin hazırlamak ve bunu kuramsal ve kavramsal olarak temellendirmek için ele alınmıştır. Bu tezin amacı, Kazakistan'ın Türkiye politikasını tüm yönleriyle analiz etmek, bu politikanın başarısını ölçmek ya da bu politikada bir kırılma yaşanıp yaşanmadığını tespit etmek değildir. Amaç, Kazakistan'ın Türkiye politikasını belirleyen içyapı faktörlerinin bu politikanın belirlenmesinde ne düzeyde etkili oldukları üzerine detaylı bir analiz geliştirmektir. Bu tezin uygulama çalışmasının yapılması, kuramsal ve kavramsal çerçevesinin oturtulması için konu ile ilgili Kazakça, Türkçe ve İngilizce yayımlanan kitap, makale, internet haberleri, resmi kurumların web adresleri ve gazete arşivlerinden yararlanılmıştır. İlk elden ve daha fazla bilgi edinmek için bu tezin yazarı, dört buçuk aylık bir saha çalışması yapmak üzere Kazakistan'ın finans, eğitim ve kültür başkenti Almatı'da bulunan KIMEP Üniversitesinde misafir araştırmacı olarak çalışmıştır. Kazakça kitap, makale ve gazete arşivlerinin temini hususunda Kazakistan Milli Kütüphanesi ve Arşiv Merkezinde kaynak taraması ve derinlemesine mülakatlar yapmıştır. Kazakistan'ın Türkiye Politikası adlı bu çalışma; şimdiye kadar tez düzeyinde ele alınmaması, Orta Asya araştırmaları bağlamında irdelenmemesi ve bu bölgeye yönelik küresel ve bölgesel sorunları bilen ve kaynak dilleri kullanarak çözümler üretebilecek uzmanlaşmanın çok az olmasından dolayı uluslararası ilişkiler alanında mevcut olan boşluğu doldurmaya çalışacaktır. Çalışmanın çözümlenebilmesi için birinci bölümde tezin kuramsal çerçevesini açıklamak amacıyla içyapı kavramı, ikinci bölümde Kazakistan'ın Türkiye politikasında dış politika söylemlerinden Avrasyacılık ve Atlantikçilik söylemi, üçüncü bölümde Kazakistan'daki içyapının Türkiye politikası üzerindeki etkisi ve son bölümde Kazakistan'ın Türkiye politikasının somut çıktılarına yer verilecektir. ; abstract ; This study explores Kazakhstan's domestic structural factors (political parties, the structure of the presidency and the regime, the leader bureaucratic institutions, nongovernmental organizations, interest groups and the media) that determine its policy on Turkey. This thesis does not claim that the common understandings of language, race, religion and history are the sole determining factors about Kazakhstan's Turkey policy. It instead asserts that the concept of domestic structure is significant as much as aforementioned factors. Furthermore, the concept of domestic structure has been used as a theoretical and conceptual means for the study. The objective of this study is neither to analyze thoroughly Kazakhstan's Turkey policy and to evaluate its success nor to identify whether there has been a rupture in the abovementioned policy; the goal is to develop a detailed analysis on what level the idea of domestic structure is effective in determining Kazakhstan's Turkey policy. During the process of field research and forming the theoretical and conceptual framework of this study; books, articles, web news, official websites and newspaper archives published in Turkish, English and Kazakh languages have been used. In order to have further and detailed data from primary sources and to conduct a field research, the writer of this thesis worked as a guest researcher for four and a half months at KIMEP University in Almatı in 2014. He conducted literature reviews and in-depth interviews at Kazakhstan National Library and Archives Center while accessing the archives of books, articles and newspapers in Kazakh language. The study aims to try filling the gap international relations discipline due to the fact that so far there have been no theses on this subject and it has not been studied as a part of Central Asia researches, and also there are very few experts who have comprehensive knowledge on the global and local issues regarding this area and are capable of creating solutions by using vernacular languages. The study will explain the concept of domestic structure in the first chapter, the impact of Atlanticism and Eurasianism for Kazakhstan's Turkey policy in the second chapter, the determining effect of Kazakhstan's domestic structure on its policy on Turkey in the third chapter and the concrete outputs of Kazakhstan's Turkey policy in the last chapter.

Conference: International Scientific-Practical Conference. Almaty-Kazakhstan: Al-Farabi Kazak National University, (17-18 April 2014). ; In this study, close relationships of Germany acting as a power unit in both union process and development processes of European Union (EU) with Central Asia Republics will be examined as a case study. In the study, Germany's relations with Central Asia containing much more than economical interest relations will be discussed. In the article, importance of Germany's role in the EU's interest to the members of international system with a new identity will be assessed and parameters of German foreign policy in respect to the area (German minority in Central Asia and strength of German culture) will be emphasized, and the study will be summed and concluded in the end.

Contents: Foreword by Richard Bird xiii 1 Introduction to the volume 1 Serdar Yilmaz and Farah Zahir PART I CONCEPTUAL ISSUES 2 The architecture of intergovernmental transfers: principles and practice in low- and middle-income countries 7 Roy W. Bahl Jr 3 Issues in intergovernmental fiscal transfers: public finance and political economy considerations 21 Serdar Yilmaz and Farah Zahir 4 The practice of fiscal equalization: a political economy clarification 41 Bernard Dafflon and François Vaillancourt PART II INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS IN MATURE FEDERATIONS 5 The German model of addressing vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances 64 Paul B. Spahn 6 The United States grant system 86 Howard A. Chernick 7 Federal finance arrangements in Canada: the challenges of fiscal imbalance and natural resource rents 109 Marcelin Joanis and Fran.ois Vaillancourt 8 Revenue and expenditure needs equalization: the Swiss answer 134 Bernard Dafflon 9 Intergovernmental fiscal relations in Australia 163 Bob Searle 10 The economic impacts of horizontal fiscal equalization as practised in Australia 185 Jonathan Coppel PART III INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS IN EVOLVING FEDERATIONS 11 Intergovernmental fiscal transfers and performance grants in Brazil 204 Deborah L. Wetzel and Lorena Viñuela 12 Intergovernmental fiscal transfer system in Argentina: historical evolution, current performance and reform options to promote efficiency, equity and transparency 224 Marco Larizza and Julian Folgar 13 Evolving role of the Finance Commissions in India in the last 25 years 248 Farah Zahir 14 Emerging trends in fiscal transfer systems in selected federations: implications for India 275 Jorge Martinez-Vazquez PART IV INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS IN UNITARY FEDERATIONS 15 Intergovernmental fiscal transfers in Kenya: the evolution of revenue sharing under new devolution in a quasi-federal system 296 Jamie Boex and Paul Smoke 16 Reforming vertical programmes: the case of South African local government 323 David Savage Index 345.

The first generation local government reforms in Turkey partially granted discretion to local governments. However, they have largely failed to improve downward accountability towards citizens. In 2012, the government has embarked on the second generation reforms which aimed to achieve economies of scale in municipal service provision through municipal amalgamation. The government redesigned the configuration of municipalities, abolished special provincial administrations in metropolitan municipal jurisdictions and converted villages to neighborhoods of municipalities. This paper extends the earlier analysis on local government discretion and accountability to these recent changes. The main focus of the paper is on fiscal discretion and accountability since these changes have mostly affected the fiscal structure of local governments. Analyzing the data issued by the Ministry of Finance, the preliminary results show that local governments have become more dependent on intergovernmental transfers.

Yılmaz, Serdar (Arel Author) ; It could be argued that the end of the Cold War had given the EU the opportunity to forge itself as the security agent in Europe even though by the mid-1990s the atmosphere as well as the situation had changed. NATO was remerged and took the initiative to develop the defense policy. As Sjursen (1998: 95) states that the notion of a European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) was not coined at the end of the Cold War, it was come into being with the breakdown of bipolarity in Europe. However, there are a few questions to be illuminated such as how can ESDP be defined? Is it all about creating federal Europe with its own proper and strong military power? or getting attached to the back of NATO or USA to defend the Union for external threats? In this chapter the effects of the emergence of the ESDP on NATO-EU Relations will be focused by touching upon the influence of the USA and some EU member states on this process. The theory of realism is taken into consideration to understand the main motivation of the emergence of ESDP and the essence of ESDP-NATO relations.

Özgöker, Uğur (Arel Author), Yılmaz, Serdar (Arel Author) --- Conference: Strategizing Turkey: The Davutoğlu Era in Turkish Foreign Policy. İstanbul: İstanbul Kültür Üniveritesi, 26-27 October 2013. ; Due to Turkey?s geopolitical location its role remains to be a regional key country for international relations. It could be argued that a new Turkish foreign policy has emerged in the last ten years and played a crucial role for the regions that Turkey has historical and cultural ties with. In the last two decades Central Asia has emerged as an area of growing strategic importance for Turkish foreign policy. The collapse of the Soviet Union created new opportunities and new challenges for Turkish policy. Immediately upon their independence in the early 1990s Turkey was among the first countries to recognize the Central Asian Turkic republics. The emergence of these states, as they are commonly called the "Turkic Republics", precipitated an outbreak of excitement in almost all political wings in Turkey. A Turkish world from the Adriatic to the Chinese Wall became a new topic of discussion in Turkish policy circles and the media. So much that, the discussion of 21 century will be the century of Turks has spreaded around the Central Asian Republics. This study thus attempts to shed light on this new foreign policy and addresses some key questions about it. We will try to understand and explain the fundamental nature of recent Turkish foreign policy, and how and why Turkish foreign policy has been changing. We also discuss whether or not Central Asian Turkic republics matter or not for Turkey and put forward the AKP?s official foreign policy objectives regarding these republics. We argue that Turkey?s new foreign policy choices and preferences reflect, to a great extent, the visions of the new Turkish political elite in Turkey.

DergiPark: 371409 ; trakyasobed ; The aim of this paper is to analyze "the return to bosom of the nation"discourse voiced by the opposition parties in Turkish politics in certaincircumstances, which seems to be a project that had never been realized. It isa political strategy envisaged forovercoming a political crisesthrough mass resignation of theopposition party's representatives from the parliament. Within this framework,the subject was classified according to political periods and each specificcase was analyzed and compared with the other cases.Aiming to take the legal political activity out of the parliament and tomobilize people around the opposition, this political strategy intends to makeradical changes in the functioning of the political system. From thisperspective this work is set out to contribute to the literature throughdetermining under which political conditions this strategy voiced by theopposition appears and whether it is a realizable and successful politicalmaneuver or not ; Bu çalışma Türk siyasal hayatında muhalefetpartilerinin kimi durumlarda dile getirdikleri ancak hiçbir zamangerçekleştiremedikleri bir proje olarak kalan "sine-i millete dönüş" söyleminikonu edinmektedir. Sine-i millete dönüş, muhalefet partilerinin kriz anlarındabir çıkış noktası olarak düşündükleri parlamentodan toplu şekilde istifa etmestratejisidir Bu çerçevede sine-imillete dönüş söyleminin parti politikası olarak tartışıldığı dönemlerbelirlenmiş, her olay kendi özelinde değerlendirilerek dönemsel bazdatartışmaların ortak noktaları tespit edilmiştir. Meşru siyaseti, parlamentodançıkararak halk zeminine taşımayı amaçlayan ve muhalefete halkı da ortak etmeamacı güden bu politik strateji, bir meşruiyet sorunu yaratarak siyasalsistemin işleyişinde köklü değişiklikler yapmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamdaçalışmamız muhalefet tarafından zaman zaman dile getirilen bu stratejinin hangikoşullar altında gündeme geldiğini, uygulanabilirliğini ve başarılı bir siyasalmanevra olup olmayacağını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.