Search results

The subject of the paper is Russian the legal framework and law enforcement practice con-cerning granting subsidies to business entities.The purpose of the paper is to identify the legal problems of state support for small and medium – sized businesses by granting subsidies.The methodology of paper includes the formal logical interpretation of Russian legislation, systematization of the court practice concerning application of art. 15.15.5 (pt. 2) Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation and other regulations.The main results and scope of their application. The legal basis of providing subsidies is characterized. The business support programs in Russia are analyzed. The author's ap-proach to the distinction between the concepts of "terms of granting subsidies", "terms established when granting subsidies" and the "terms of using subsidies" is substantiated. The valid and invalid conditions for the granting of subsidies as well as the reasons for their return are proven. The results of research may be used as the basis of correction of Russian and foreign legislation concerning granting subsidies to business entities as well as step in future legal research in this sphere.Conclusions. Public authorities and local governments do not take into account differences between the terms "conditions for granting subsidies" and "conditions for the use of subsi-dies", unreasonably apply civil law norms to the rules for granting subsidies. Regional au-thorities do not effectively use the legal opportunities provided to them by the Federal leg-islator, as well as often allow the abuse of power. ; Выявляются правовые проблемы государственной поддержки малого и среднего биз-неса в форме предоставления субсидий. Охарактеризована правовая основа предо-ставления субсидий. Проведен анализ программ поддержки предпринимательства. На основе систематизации судебной практики применения ч. 2 ст. 15.15.5 КоАП РФ и иных норм предложен авторский подход к разграничению понятий «условия предо-ставления субсидий», «условия, установленные при предоставлении субсидий» и «условия использования субсидий», а также обоснованы допустимые и недопусти-мые условия предоставления субсидий, основания для их возврата.

УДК 342.951+347.999This informational introductory article is devoted to the peculiarities of the procedure of creation of the arbitration institution according to the new 2015 Federal Law "On arbitration (arbitration proceedings)". The aim of the article is the identification of the new law preconditions to the emergence of administrative barriers in the establishment of arbitral institutions. The study is based on methods of formal law, analysis and synthesis, the sociological method of survey is also used. The results and scope of the results. The article notes the objective difficulties in the establishment of arbitration institutions as well as provides a critical analysis of the innovations in 2015 Federal Law "On arbitration (arbitration proceedings) in the Russian Federation". The procedure for creating the arbitration courts became more bureaucratic and it is focused on filtering such institutions by tightening the requirements. The procedure for creating the arbitration courts can be described as permissive and multi-stage. The second noticeable trend in the 2015 Federal Law is broad sphere of control over arbitration courts and substitution of their competence by a competent court. According to the results of a survey of representatives of the business community authors identify the legislative background of administrative barriers on a way of establishment of arbitration courts. The results of the study can be used in the improvement of legislative procedures for the estab-lishment of arbitration courts. Conclusions. New Law actually creates a "quasi-judicial" bodies, that have highest level of bureaucratization, so arbitration courts lose their main characteristics: contractual and dispositive principles. Novels of Law, aimed at stricter administration and control, are obvious, however, a new quality for arbitration as the most popular form of alternative dispute resolution is still not created. ; УДК 342.951+347.999Вступительная статья информационного характера посвящена особенностям процедуры создания арбитражного учреждения согласно новому Федеральному закону от 29 декабря 2015 г. № 382-ФЗ «Об арбитраже (третейском разбирательстве) в Российской Федерации». Отмечаются трудности объективного характера при создании арбитражных учреждений, проводится критический анализ нововведений закона о создании третейских судов.

GT is supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie (grant agreement No 661452). This review is funded in part by NIH R01EB007615, the Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation, Broccoli Foundation, WalkAbout Foundation and Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (Grant No. 16-29-08173-ofi-m). ; Preclinical and clinical neurophysiological and neurorehabilitation research has generated rather surprising levels of recovery of volitional sensory-motor function in persons with chronic motor paralysis following a spinal cord injury. The key factor in this recovery is largely activity-dependent plasticity of spinal and supraspinal networks. This key factor can be triggered by neuromodulation of these networks with electrical and pharmacological interventions. This review addresses some of the systems-level physiological mechanisms that might explain the effects of electrical modulation and how repetitive training facilitates the recovery of volitional motor control. In particular, we substantiate the hypotheses that: (1) in the majority of spinal lesions, a critical number and type of neurons in the region of the injury survive, but cannot conduct action potentials, and thus are electrically non-responsive; (2) these neuronal networks within the lesioned area can be neuromodulated to a transformed state of electrical competency; (3) these two factors enable the potential for extensive activity-dependent reorganization of neuronal networks in the spinal cord and brain, and (4) propriospinal networks play a critical role in driving this activity-dependent reorganization after injury. Real-time proprioceptive input to spinal networks provides the template for reorganization of spinal networks that play a leading role in the level of coordination of motor pools required to perform a given functional task. Repetitive exposure of multi-segmental sensory-motor networks to the dynamics of task-specific sensory input as occurs with repetitive training can functionally reshape spinal and supraspinal connectivity thus re-enabling one to perform complex motor tasks, even years post injury