Suchergebnisse

Should Germany be prosecuting crimes committed in Syria pursuant to universal jurisdiction (UJ)? This article revisits the normative questions raised by UJ -- the principle that serious international crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes committed by foreigners outside its territories can be prosecuted by States -- against the backdrop of increasing European UJ proceedings regarding Syrian conflict-related crimes, focusing on Germany as an illustrative example. While existing literature justify UJ through universal prohibition of certain atrocities, this article applies the 'two-tiered' test derived from the 'dual foundation' thesis of the Eichmann judgement, in which the normative appropriateness of UJ is evaluated against both accounts of universal prohibition and the specific politics surrounding the prosecution. It contends that the large number of Syrian refugees in Germany mean that it in particular could initiate Syrian conflict-related UJ proceedings to prevent continued harm and recognize the political agency of refugees. Ultimately, the article suggests UJ should normatively be thought of as a domestic, rather than international, political event.

"Sora Han's Mu, 49 Marks of Abolition is a work of radical legal theory in the form of an epic, 'stream of unconsciousness' prose poem that reads the law as a social text. Deploying polyglossic interpretation as a poetics of relation among English, Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and French-languages imbued with genealogical, colonial, theoretical and symbolic significance for Han-she develops a psychoanalytically inflected method of "dystranslation." After Han's father died in 2020, she took up the Korean Buddhist tradition of mu, mourning the dead for forty-nine days. Each of the book's forty-nine sections represent a day of mourning, an occasion for meditating on the law of surplus: surplus in language, surplus in oedipality, surplus of time in abeyance. Through engaging with texts across Asian and Asian American studies, Black studies, legal theory, and poetry, the book recalls the distinct post-1968 historical sense of "Asian American" as a radical anti-imperialist orientation of life and thought very much in conversation with other movements for social change. Not only do we encounter the complexity of being Korean American in relation to issues of Blackness, colonial imperialism, and the juridical and carceral inflected conditions of social existence in the US, but we also learn how to read across all these texts and conditions in a fluid dynamic multidirectional exchange of energy that opens up conventional fields of knowledge to novel possibilities of thinking"--

Frontmatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Introduction: Letters of the Law -- Chapter One. Decompositional Rights -- Chapter Two. Colorblind Judgment -- Chapter Three. Racial Profiling -- Chapter Four. The Purloined Prisoner -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Legionellosis, an infection caused by the environmental bacteria Legionella spp., has become a significant public health problem in the United States in recent years; however, among the states, the incidence rates vary widely without a clear explanation. This study examined environmental effects on the 2014-to-2016 average annual legionellosis incidence rates in the U.S. states through correlative analyses with long-term precipitation, temperature, solar UV radiation, and sunshine hours. The continental states west of ∼95°W showed low incidence rates of 0.51 to 1.20 cases per 100,000 population, which corresponded to low precipitation, below 750 mm annually. For the eastern states, where precipitation was higher, solar effects were prominent and mixed, leading to wide incidence variation. Robust regressions suggested a dividing line at 40°N: north of this line, rising temperature, mainly from solar heat, raised legionellosis incidence to a peak of 4.25/100,000 in Ohio; south of the line, intensifying sunlight in terms of high UV indices and long sunshine hours prevailed to limit incidence gradually to 0.99/100,000 in Louisiana. On or near the 40°N line were 15 eastern states that had leading legionellosis incidence rates of >2.0/100,000. These states all showed modest environmental parameters. In contrast, the frigid climate in Alaska and the strong year-round solar UV in Hawaii explained the lowest U.S. incidences, 0.14/100,000 and 0.47/100,000, respectively, in these states. The findings of solar and climate effects explain the wide variation of legionellosis incidence rates in the United States and may offer insights into the potential exposure to and prevention of infection. IMPORTANCE Legionellosis, caused by the environmental bacteria Legionella spp., has become a significant public health problem in the United States in recent years, with ∼6,000 cases annually. The present study showed, through a series of correlative analyses with long-term precipitation, temperature, solar UV radiation, and sunshine ...

In the last five years, the world has experienced unexpected tragic events and natural disasters. However, international tourism is expected to grow continually and tourists are therefore becoming more concerned with safety and security during their international travel. This dissertation investigated individuals' risk perception of vacationing at two scenario international destinations, Australia and Japan. While ten dimensions of perceived risk in international leisure travel were identified in the literature and one additional dimension of "Communication Risk" was proposed for this study, only seven dimensions were found in this study: "Health Risk," "Value Risk," "Psychological Risk," "Social Risk," "Terrorism Risk," "Equipment Risk," and "Communication Risk." The other four dimensions "Financial Risk," "Time Risk," "Satisfaction Risk," and "Political Instability Risk" were either merged into other dimensions or did not appear as an independent dimension in this study. The "Communication Risk" which was proposed in this study was found to be a valid dimension of perceived risk in vacationing at international destinations. The relationships of perceived risk to other factors were also examined. Individuals' characteristics of novelty seeking were negatively related to their risk perception, as were individuals' proficiency of the destination's native language. Those who have experience visiting the destination tended to perceive less risk in vacationing at the destination; the more familiarity/expertise with the destination, the less risk was perceived. When an individual perceived a higher level of risk towards a destination, s/he was less likely to vacation at the destination. Individuals were more likely to choose a packaged tour than independent travel when they had a higher level of risk perception towards vacationing at a particular international destination. ; Ph. D.