Suchergebnisse

Evidence-based practice is a useful and necessary tool for sports science. The experience of evidence-based medical science could be useful for the implementation of this new approach. Evidence-based practices in sport sciences could also affect, in addition to the fields of training practice, such as management, legislation and education. This will allow decision making to be based on the best available scientific evidence. This review summarises approaches and models of how to apply evidence-based practice in sport science. It also shares a five-step approach with the aim of providing a practical tool. Certain conditions require starting with the practice of evidence. First, the scientific literature must answer the question. Access to scientific databases, knowing how to walk through the jungle of knowledge, mastery of English (since most papers are published in English) is mandatory. A commitment by sport science stakeholders to evidence-based practice and the removal of barriers to implementation would be a promising approach to evidence-based practice in sport science in a short period of time. ; Las prácticas basadas en la evidencia son una herramienta útil y necesaria para las ciencias del deporte. La experiencia de las ciencias médicas basadas en la evidencia podría ser útil para la implementación de este nuevo enfoque. Las prácticas basadas en datos empíricos en las ciencias del deporte también podrían afectar, además de los campos de la práctica de la formación, como la gestión, la legislación y la educación. Esto permitirá que la toma de decisiones se base en las mejores pruebas científicas disponibles. En esta revisión se resumen los enfoques y modelos de cómo aplicar la práctica basada en la evidencia en las ciencias del deporte. También se comparte un enfoque de cinco pasos con el objetivo de proporcionar una herramienta práctica. Ciertas condiciones requieren comenzar con la práctica de la evidencia. En primer lugar, la literatura científica debe responder a la pregunta. Acceso a bases de datos científicas, saber caminar por la selva del conocimiento, dominio del inglés (ya que la mayoría de los trabajos se publican en inglés) es obligatorio. Un compromiso de las partes interesadas en las ciencias del deporte con la práctica basada en la evidencia y la eliminación de los obstáculos a la aplicación sería un enfoque prometedor para las prácticas basadas en la evidencia en las ciencias del deporte en un corto período de tiempo. ; A prática baseada em evidência é uma ferramenta útil e necessária para a ciência do esporte. A experiência da ciência médica baseada em evidência poderia ser útil para a implementação desta nova abordagem. As práticas baseadas em evidência em ciências do esporte também poderiam afetar, além das áreas de prática de treinamento, como gestão, legislação e educação. Isto permitiria que a tomada de decisões fosse baseada nas melhores evidências científicas disponíveis. Esta revisão resume abordagens e modelos de como aplicar a prática baseada em evidência na ciência do esporte. Também compartilha uma abordagem em cinco etapas com o objetivo de fornecer uma ferramenta prática. Certas condições exigem que se comece com a prática da prova. Em primeiro lugar, a literatura científica deve responder à pergunta. O acesso às bases de dados científicos, saber caminhar pela selva do conhecimento, o domínio do inglês (já que a maioria dos artigos são publicados em inglês) é obrigatório. Um compromisso das partes interessadas na ciência do esporte com a prática baseada em evidências e a remoção de barreiras à implementação seria uma abordagem promissora para a prática baseada em evidência na ciência do esporte em um curto período de tempo.

It has long been recognized that work can influence mental well-being. Quality of medical care is dependent upon the mental well-being of health care professionals. Determination of factors in job stress is important, because it will help to prevent it. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the relationship of work-related stress with work life variables by using The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Brief Coping Styles Inventory (BCSI). A survey was conducted among hospital staff of a university teaching hospital in Turkey. Response rate was 52.4 % (N=152).
A questionnaire included 47 questions on sociodemographic variables and lifestyle. Nineteen questions were derived from the Work-life Evaluation Scales. Psychological symptom status was assessed with BSI. Coping styles with stress behavior was evaluated with BCSI. Most participants showed
medium level BSI subscale scores, but global indexes were at a higher level. Females had higher depression and anxiety scores than did males; graduates of university programs (mostly nurses) had higher somatisation, obsessive compulsive interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, paranoid
ideation, global severity index, positive symptom total and positive symptom distress index scores than did other respondents of other educational levels, staff who were employed by the university (i.e., residents and nurses) had higher BSI symptom scores. In conclusion, even though the respondents
did not seem generally to be dissatisfied concerning their work-life, the majority of staff had depressive symptoms and were distressed. Nurses and residents in particular, should receive counseling concerning coping styles with stress.

The aim of this study was to compare general practitioners/family doctors in different European countries to assess the psychosocial and work-related factors possibly contributing to burnout. The survey included questions on demographic-, work- and lifestyle-related job satisfaction
(Yaman & Ungan, 2002a; Yayli, Yaman, & Yaman, 2003) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1986). Surveys were conducted in 13 European countries (Yaman & Soler, 2002b) with a response rate of 33%. The 1,503 respondents (833 males, 55.4%) had an
average age of 45.6 (22–74) years. 44% scored high for emotional exhaustion, 37% for depersonalization, 31% for low personal accomplishment, with 12% scoring high for all three. High burnout in one or more dimensions was best predicted by a multivariate model
including income, intention to change job (yes 1.89, no 0.82), satisfaction (0.58), increasing alcohol consumption (3.93), and use of psychotropic medication (2.08). High burnout in all dimensions was best predicted by a multivariate model including working weekends (1.77), job satisfaction
(0.38), increasing smoking (2.38) and psychotropic medication use (2.23). Burnout seems to be a common problem in European general practitioners and family doctors. Future research is needed to develop models to describe the phenomenon and to identify causative factors and effective intervention
strategies.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) among nurses and healthcare workers was evaluated via a questionnaire examining CFS, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, work capacity and education. The criteria of the Centers for Disease Control were applied. One hundred and eighty-three nurses and
18 healthcare workers (mean age 29.04 ± 5.31 years) participated. More than half of cases (n = 116, 57.7%) complained of fatigue. Thirty-six cases (17.9%) fully matched the criteria of the CDC for CFS. High income level (> 400/month) (p = 0.005) and
overworking (> 8 hr/day) (p = 0.017) had a significant effect on CFS [high income (OR: 9.60, CI, 95%: 1.98 – 46.54) and overworking (OR: 7.66, CI, 95%: 1.44 – 40.92), respectively]. CFS was also related to being under 35 years old.

Global health provides a challenge for primary care and general practice which will become increasingly important in the future as the prevalence of multimorbidity increases. There is increasing likelihood of survival from acute illnesses and increase an in the elderly population. This literature review focuses on the health inequities, the role of family medicine and the factors that are essential in overcoming these inequalities. Health disparities refer to gaps in the quality of health and delivery of health care across racial, ethnic, gender and socioeconomic groups. The health disparities vary among different countries and the factors that lead to these disparities differ across the world. Family medicine plays a crucial role in bridging this gap and is an essential backbone of the society in developing nations as well as the wealthier nations in providing equity in health care to all people. There are many factors leading to inequity in health care. Family medicine should be recognized as a specialty across the world, as family medicine with its person centered care can bring about a global change in health care. This issue has to be taken up more seriously by the institutions like the WHO, UN and also individual governments along with the political parties to create uniformity in health care. In the current setting of the global economic and financial crisis, a truly global solution is needed. The WHO has come up with various strategies to solve the issue of financial crises and ensuring equity in health globally. This will ensure equal health care to all people especially the underprivileged in developing countries who do not have access to better healthcare due to lack of resources. This factor is a major contributor to the premature death of individuals at all stages of life from new born to the elderly and includes infant mortality and mortality due to chronic diseases. This is important in creating uniformity in health care across the world but has to be considered at a global level to have an impact. ; Peer reviewed