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2021 Spring. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Anthropologists have studied transgenderism in various cultures and societies; however, few of these studies investigate the topics of identity development, family lives, and transgender community engagement, and their interwoven relationships in a socialist society. In this research, I look at the lives of Chinese transgender people and aim to understand what roles the government, family and domestic transgender community institutions play in their identity development trajectory. I approach this main research question through a contextualized cultural perspective, analyze it within a critical-interpretive medical anthropological framework, and draw from both anthropological and non-anthropological literature that focus on these three themes. Research data is collected through a mixed qualitative methodology, including online and offline participant observation and semi-structured interviews of ten Chinese transwomen, ten Chinese transmen, and three key informants. Findings suggest that for Chinese transgender respondents, their trajectory of realizing, exploring, and living as their identified gender, which is different from their assigned sex/gender, is commonly repressed and stigmatized on an everyday basis within the cisgender male-female binary system in Chinese society. During these processes, acquiring family recognition and building community connection are respondents' vital sources of resilience, which not only consolidate their (trans)gender identification but also facilitate their transitions. Nevertheless, this is not to say that the family and community institutions are immune to the sexist ideology and cisgender prejudice circulating in Chinese society, which can generate distress mixed with their empowering influences on Chinese transgender respondents. Therefore, throughout their identity development trajectory, respondents always have to resort to their own agency to protect and emancipate themselves from both structural discrimination and transnormative discipline that operate within the institutions which are commonly expected to enhance the resiliency of transgender people.

Objective:The purpose of the work is to study the economic policy of Singapore and the possibilities of applying Singapore's experience in the Republic of Belarus.The object of study - the economic policy of the Republic of Singapore.The subject is the specifics and universality of Singapore's economic policy and development in the global economy. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that: 1) At this stage of development, when many countries stand in the way of modernization and reform, the specific experience of Singapore attracts attention due not only to its features, but also to the preliminary results of modernization, which has put this state among the top five world leaders in many respects. 2) The experience of carrying out the economic policy of Singapore is of great interest, based on the real achievements of Singapore in the shortest possible time by historical standards in the context of comparing the Singaporean model with reforms in the countries of the post-Soviet space and other countries. The main functions of the economic policy of the state, despite the selected elements, include: - ensuring the rule of law in the country as a whole, without which the effective functioning of any sphere of public life, including economic; - guarantee of compliance by all members of society, including market participants, the generally accepted "rules of the game»; - creation and support of infrastructure on the basis of which the country's economy should function effectively; - creation and maintenance of a social background that contributes to the normal functioning of the economy.

Previous studies have found that mothers' use of a negative parenting style is a risk factor for adolescent deviant peer affiliation, but it is not clear if mother rejection and overprotection affect deviant peer affiliation similarly, or if the mechanism is different for these two
parenting styles. Through a survey of 856 high school students in eastern China we measured mothers' rejection or overprotection and students' violence exposure, teacher–student relationship, and deviant peer affiliation. The results showed that in the link between mother's rejection
and adolescents' deviant peer affiliation, the mediating effect of both violence exposure and the teacher–student relationship was significant, and the mediating effect of the teacher–student relationship was significantly greater than that of violence exposure. In the link between
mother's overprotection and adolescent deviant peer affiliation, the mediating role of violence exposure was significant. These results show that mothers' rejection and overprotection each affect adolescent deviant peer affiliation via different mechanisms and suggest that targeted interventions
in adolescents' deviant peer affiliation should distinguish between rejection and overprotection.

Building energy retrofit is not only an efficient approach to increase energy efficiency through technical installations, but also has great potential to improve social acceptance through co-creation. However, there are many existing residential buildings with low energy efficiency in need of retrofit, which is currently not being done. This paper aims to examine the barriers to conducting the residential building retrofit and co-created a suitable business model to overcome these challenges and improve social acceptance. Thirty-nine deep interviews and a workshop with representatives from people (residential building owners), public and private sectors were conducted. The results show that the barriers include lack of information sharing and consulting, limited resources and knowledge, and risks of not achieving the expected energy efficiency. Then a public–private-people partnerships (PPPP) business model is co-created to overcome the barriers by improving information sharing, making use of operational experience and financial resources from the private sector, as well as political and financial support from the public sector. Furthermore, the results illustrate the value of co-creating, by considering how the different sectors' wishes can be negotiated. It includes agility to adapt to the complex challenges by being open to ongoing suggestions instead of established planning and the scope to lead to new cooperation among the different sectors in the co-creation communication process. For further study, more workshops with participants from a wider range of backgrounds are needed to further refine the model and explore an efficient method to balance the power of different participants in the co-creation process. Keywords : PPPP; Public-private-people partnerships; EPC; energy performance contracting ; publishedVersion

A fair distribution of benefits and risks is not only one of the key factors in deciding concession period but also an important prerequisite for good cooperation between the government and the private sector in a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) road project. Considering the psychological characteristic of decision makers' fairness preference, this study innovatively introduces the inequity aversion theory into the concession model, which provides a novel perspective to investigate the distribution of benefits and risks. In the improved model, the decision makers' investment utility involves their economic benefits as well as their disutility due to inequity. Furthermore, the equilibrium principle of benefits and risks in this model has changed to minimize the gap between the investment utility-risk ratios of the government and the private sector. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, this study verifies the application of the model to a BOT road project in China. The results show that the concession period with fairness preference can effectively narrow the gap between the investment utility-risk ratios of the government and the private sector, thus guaranteeing the fair distribution of benefits and risks in the BOT road project.

A fair distribution of benefits and risks is not only one of the key factors in deciding concession period but also an important prerequisite for good cooperation between the government and the private sector in a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) road project. Considering the psychological characteristic of decision makers' fairness preference, this study innovatively introduces the inequity aversion theory into the concession model, which provides a novel perspective to investigate the distribution of benefits and risks. In the improved model, the decision makers' investment utility involves their economic benefits as well as their disutility due to inequity. Furthermore, the equilibrium principle of benefits and risks in this model has changed to minimize the gap between the investment utility-risk ratios of the government and the private sector. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, this study verifies the application of the model to a BOT road project in China. The results show that the concession period with fairness preference can effectively narrow the gap between the investment utility-risk ratios of the government and the private sector, thus guaranteeing the fair distribution of benefits and risks in the BOT road project.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore answers to two research questions: what types of conflicts do top management team (TMT) members in Chinese firms deal with; and what approaches do they take to handle them?Design/methodology/approachInterview data were collected from 52 TMT members in 16 Chinese entrepreneurial high tech firms, and were transcribed, coded and analyzed according to Thomas's typology of conflict handling approaches.FindingsResults show that conflicts in those TMTs were mostly task‐related and integration/ collaboration was the most frequently used approach to handle conflicts, in contrast to the findings of previous studies with Chinese managers that reported avoidance to be most preferred. It was found that the most preferred approach used in the team also relates to the leadership style of the team leader.Research limitations/implicationsMethodologically, the paper did not apply any quantitative approach to triangulate the findings for greater reliability nor did it propose predictors of any type of conflict‐handling approach. Also, analyses were done at the individual level. However, the results add to the conflict‐resolution literature, and provide insights on conflict resolution processes in Chinese TMTs, which, in turn, will help to understand better Chinese TMT processes.Practical implicationsThe results provide very practical guidance to TMTs and help generalize the theories that have been developed based on Western practices.Originality/valueThe study is first of its kind to examine conflict type and conflict handling approaches; and in Chinese high tech firms. It offers some interesting insights to the topic.