Suchergebnisse

Independent of different national conditions, an indisputable fact is that the worldwide governments should play a role in fighting the ongoing COVID-19. To make clear the determinants of government response to tackle COVID-19, I investigate the impact of governance quality. To do so, I newly create an overall governance index based on six dimensions of Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) from the World Bank to proxy governance quality. I regress the overall governance index with controls on the stringency index from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker database. Using pooled and panel data models with individual and time fixed effects, I find that the relationship between governance quality and policy stringency for 339 days across 163 countries is significantly nonmonotonic. Countries with middle governance quality select a high level of policy stringency in contrast to those with high and low governance quality. I also find that policy stringency significantly increases when daily new cases increase. The findings highlight the role of governance quality in deciding the stringency level of public health policies.

This study examines tourist trust in a government-initiated tourism brand from the perspective of the economic sustainability of the tourism industry. Its antecedents comprise traveler visit motivation, visitor experience perception, and willingness to visit/revisit, and the study assesses the moderating role of believers/nonbelievers in developing a tourism brand. The data were obtained from 20 notable religious-themed attractions listed among the "100 Religious Attractions" in Taiwan. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to respondents who had visited, or were planning to visit, the listed attractions. Three hundred and eighty-five valid questionnaires were collected with the hypotheses developed and examined using the SEM method. This study analyzes the motivational and experiential differences between religious-oriented and ordinary visitors to the "100 Religious Attractions" and its brand effect concerning peripheral industry consumption behavior (e.g., food and beverage, religious items, and surrounding sightseeing sites). Last, this study discloses that the willingness to visit/revisit determinants, service value perception, and spiritual experience significantly affect tourism brand trust. These results offer a better understanding for both scholars and practitioners of religious-themed attractions regarding how tourists' visit/revisit intentions and their willingness to consume affect the creation of tourism destination brand trust that is sustainable.

Freight transport policies have been developed to reduce air pollution in China. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of a freight modal shift on PM2.5 concentrations using the panel data of 30 provinces in China over the period 1999&ndash ; 2016. The direct and spillover effects of a freight modal shift on PM2.5 concentrations in China, as well as the effects of other socioeconomic factors, were estimated by employing spatial dynamic panel data models. In particular, the channel through which the freight modal shift might be beneficial in reducing PM2.5 concentrations was examined. The results show that PM2.5 concentrations in China do not only decrease with a modal shift of freight from road to rail in a province, but also and to a larger extent with that in neighboring provinces. However, there exist heterogeneous effects across different regions of China. The interaction between a freight modal shift and energy efficiency may lead to a decrease in the PM2.5 concentrations, but only in the central and western regions. These findings provide suggestions for government policies directed to sustainable development.

Basic theory of labour law -- Labour relationships -- Labour contracts -- Labour dispatch -- Outsourcing -- Employment of foreigner workers in china -- Employment of seafarers -- Work-related injury insurance -- Legal liabilities -- Labour dispute settlement.

Rapid economic growth is often a disruptive social process threatening the social relations and ideologies of incumbent regimes. Yet far from acting defensively, the Chinese Communist Party has lead a major social and economic transformation over forty years, without yet encountering fundamental challenges subverting its rule. A key question for political sociology is thus - how have the logics of China's governmentality been able to help maintain compliance from the governed while acting so radically to advance the state's growth priorities?
This book explores the issue by analysing the detailed trajectories, rationale, and effects of China's pension reforms. It uses strong methods, including institutional analysis of resource allocation in the multiple pension schemes and programmes, and quantitative text analysis of the knowledge construction in official discourse along with the reforms. Causal identification estimates the effects of key policy instruments on public opinion about pension responsibility and political trust. Moving beyond the pension issues, the analysis discusses with qualitative evidence why falsified compliance might exist in China's society and the mechanisms that may lie behind it. Where active counter-conduct (such as resistance) is confined, individuals may choose cognitive rebellion and falsify their public compliance.
The Chinese state's strategy to generate public compliance is hybrid, organic, and dynamic. The state rules society by its customised governance design and constant adjustments. Public compliance is not only acquired through 'buying off' the public with governmental performance and transfer benefits, but is also manufactured through achieving cultural changes and new ideological foundations for general legitimation.

This book is dedicated to strategic management research relating to China's SOE. As China's economic system of the day is featured by mixed ownership, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), under the New Normal of economic backdrop, are devoted to exploring the reform of stock resources reorganization, one of which is through mergers and acquisitions (M&A). This book explores the key points and difficulties in the successful reform of Chinese enterprises with mixed ownership by focusing on trust and innovation and by widely covering normative research, index evaluation system, game theory and empirical research with case study. It is significant for evaluating the reform of SOE in China by integrating the informal institutional aspects into the formal one and understanding the leading role of SOE in China's economic development.

In this study we have taken the responses of 30 students and collect the data and summaries in tables and charts form. Then the reliability of Questionnaire is above 0.7 which is reliable for our study Excellence is a psychological and fundamental characteristic that is intimately linked to the tangible elements in our environment. Nature is the expert key to feeling this feeling, which will induce relative levels of excellence alongside our sentiments and feelings. Design is shaped in three layered formats in the material world and is more level headed than other expressions; at the end of the day, its relationships In the material world, there are more things than any other expression. However, music can only be framed on one side and one level in a specific time and is free of spatial constraints. Along these lines, music craftsmanship takes time to develop and is more intellectual than painting, as well as more visible than design, model, and painting. Clearly, engineering has a unique connection between the material and the unearthly worlds, according to this substance. Design has a meaningful meaning, especially beyond the material world Islamic mosques and consecrated expressions; in light of the fact that in the hallowed expressions, privileged insights are unadulterated as they frequently have no external shapes and they become an image of an Islamic conviction and a mysterious picture, the change is performed to adjust a picture with strict convictions.

Host cities have shown the intention of using the Olympic Games as a leverageable resource in achieving sustained volunteering among Olympic volunteers. I examined the relationship between the perceived benefits of Olympic volunteering and sustained volunteer behavior years after the
megaevent. Participants were 353 volunteers who had been involved with the Beijing 2008, Singapore 2010, or Nanjing 2014 Games. The results of an online survey reveal that perceived benefits directly influenced sustained volunteering. A critical relationship between the development of volunteers'
role identity and volunteering afterwards was confirmed. Perceived benefits were positively associated with role identity and, thus, indirectly promoted sustained volunteering behavior. Hence, perceived benefits arising from Olympic volunteering are the key to volunteer identity and sustained
volunteering. For future practice, significant efforts are needed in the development of perceived benefits and role identity as a volunteer via individuals' experience of volunteering at sporting megaevents.

Independent of different national conditions, an indisputable fact is that the worldwide governments should play a role in fighting the ongoing COVID-19. To make clear the determinants of government response to tackle COVID-19, I investigate the impact of governance quality. To do so, I newly create an overall governance index based on six dimensions of Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) from the World Bank to proxy governance quality. I regress the overall governance index with controls on the stringency index from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker database. Using pooled and panel data models with individual and time fixed effects, I find that the relationship between governance quality and policy stringency for 339 days across 163 countries is significantly nonmonotonic. Countries with middle governance quality select a high level of policy stringency in contrast to those with high and low governance quality. I also find that policy stringency significantly increases when daily new cases increase. The findings highlight the role of governance quality in deciding the stringency level of public health policies.

IntroductionPopulation estimation techniques are often used to provide updated data for a current year. However,estimates for small geographic units, such as census tracts in the United States, are typically notavailable. Yet there are growing demands from local policy making, program planning and evaluationpractitioners for such data because small area population estimates are more useful than those forlarger geographic areas.
ObjectivesTo estimate the population sizes at the census block level by subgroups (age, sex, and race/ethnicity)so that the population data can be aggregated up to any target small geographic areas.
MethodsWe estimated the population sizes by subgroups at the census block level using an intercensal ap-proach for years between 2000 and 2010 and a postcensal approach for the years following the2010 decennial census (2011-2017). Then we aggregated the data to the county level (intercensalapproach) and incorporated place level (postcensal approach) and compared our estimates to corre-sponding US Census Bureau (the Census) estimates.
ResultsOverall, our intercensal estimates were close to the Census' population estimates at the countylevel for the years 2000-2010; yet there were substantive errors in counties where population sizesexperienced sudden changes. Our postcensal estimates were also close to the Census' populationestimates at the incorporated place level for years closer to the 2010 decennial census.
ConclusionsThe approaches presented here can be used to estimate population sizes for any small geographicareas based on census blocks. The advantages and disadvantages of their application in public healthpractice should be considered.