Suchergebnisse

While changes in Chinese Communist Party (CCP) recruitment are generally described as different phases focused on recruiting either "reds" or "experts," giving more or less weight to political or technical criteria, we instead stress the importance of changing understandings of political loyalty to examine these evolutions. By tracing these changes throughout the party's 100 years, we show that how the party understands loyalty is largely strategic, detached from a purely ideological approach. The CCP has alternatively approached loyalty in ascriptive terms, based on class background, and behavioural ones, looking at active displays of loyalty or passive obedience. The level and form of activism expected from party members and cadres have also dramatically changed over time. Relying on recruitment data, this article shows that it is paradoxically during periods of party expansion that the CCP becomes more politically demanding with its members. (JCCA / GIGA)

Since 2008, many synthetically reform experimental districts have been set up, and a considerable number of local development planning has been promoted as national-level development strategies. This indicates some changes in the regional development strategy in China. The government has re-designed the regional development patterns and has decided on a regional development strategy based on more scientific national spatial planning. Moreover, the layout of regional development has become more detailed. At the same time, the state has encouraged the locals to develop their own characteristics according to their own advantages. By this way the state enriches the content of the national and regional development strategies. The adjustments in the national and regional development strategies have also led to changes in intergovernmental relations. ; Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu "Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia". Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00.