Suchergebnisse

Este artículo proporciona un estudio actualizado y crítico de la antropología de la música en China de 1949 a 2001. Trata los principales temas teóricos, las inquietudes y los enfoques que prevalecen entre la comunidad académica relevante en China. En China el estudio etnomusicológico se desarrolló sobre todo durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, y ha progresado enormemente desde principios de la década de 1980. Los logros considerables incluyen el discernimiento y desarrollo de la teoría de la temperamentología china, el registro y la grabación de abundante material de música tradicional y popular, los hallazgos arqueológicos de música e instrumentos musicales antiguos, así como nuevas tendencias desarrolladas durante la década pasada. No obstante, existen graves problemas; los más importantes pueden agruparse en cuatro aspectos: la interferencia política, la limitante a estudiar a la música china en sí, un fuerte nexo con el viejo estilo de enfoque musicológico, que aisla al estudio de otras disciplinas aun de su disciplina original, la antropología; y la ignorancia de la teoría y metodología recientes, así como de sus desarrollos en los estudios académicos fuera de China.

Abstract An enduring idea in economics and management sciences is that successful business strategies exploit complementarities across management practices within a firm. From this complementarity perspective, the success of business strategy requires utilizing a variety of interdependencies across management practices. Navigating large arrays of possible interdependencies implies that strategic decision-making is often conducted under high complexity and uncertainty. This paper provides an introduction to the conceptual foundations of complementarities in business strategy, and its implications for strategic decision-making and managerial learning. Against this backdrop, I outline issues of measurement and data collection for strategy practices, drawing on recent measurement efforts by academic researchers as well as national statistical agencies. The last part of the paper discusses how increased large-scale data collection on firm activity complementarities and strategy practices can inform a variety of policy areas, such as antitrust policy and merger review, industrial and innovation policy, tax policy, and public–private partnerships.

The effects of transformational leadership on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of public relations (PR) practitioners were examined within the context of PR companies in Taiwan. PR practitioners (600) were randomly selected from 159 PR firms located in Taipei and sampled.
There were 305 usable questionnaires (50% validity rate). Regression analyses indicated that transformational leadership dimensions did have a significant impact on the job satisfaction of PR practitioners. Furthermore, in this study job satisfaction was found to be a mediator of the effects
of transformational leadership on the organizational commitment of PR practitioners. The results of this study may provide a managerial reference to assist in enhancing the job satisfaction of PR practitioners as well as their commitment to the organization through improved organizational
leadership.

BACKGROUND: China has emerged as a powerful platform for global pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) amid the 2014 Ebola outbreak. The research and development impact of developing countries on prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks has long been underestimated, particularly for emerging economies like China. Here, we studied its research and development progress and government support in response to Ebola outbreak by timeline, input, and output at each research and development stage. This study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the research and development gaps and challenges faced by China, as well as providing evidence-based suggestions on how to accelerate the drug development process to meet urgent needs during future outbreaks. METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Nature Science Foundation of China database, PubMed database, Patent Search System of the State Intellectual Property Office of China, National Medical Products Administration, national policy reports and literature between Jan 1st, 2006 and Dec 31st, 2017. An overview of research funding, research output, pharmaceutical product patent, and product licensed was described and analyzed by Microsoft Excel. A descriptive analysis with a visualization of plotting charts and graphs was conducted by reporting the mean ± standard deviation. RESULTS: China has successfully completed the research and development of the Ebola Ad5-EBOV vaccine within 26 months, while the preparation and implementation of clinical trials took relative long time. The National Nature Science Foundation of China funded CNY 44.05 million (USD 6.27 million) for Ebola-related researches and committed strongly to the phase of basic research (87.8%). A proliferation of literature arose between 2014 and 2015, with a 1.7-fold increase in drug research and a 2.5-fold increase in diagnostic research within 1 year. Three years on from the Ebola outbreak, six Ebola-related products in China were approved by the National Medical Products ...

Shadow banking in China encompasses informal financing activities including both underground lending and the banks' off-balance-sheet credit. The lack of formal credit access prompted the development of China's underground lending. Banks' off-balance-sheet credit refers to various contingent liabilities of commercial banks. Though the Chinese government has taken measures to lower risks posed by shadow banking, it needs to move towards more market-determined interest rates and lower entry barriers to the banking sector.

With China's increasing investment in Myanmar, a prosperous economic corridor is expected to be formed along China-Myanmar oil and gas pipelines. This economic corridor project is part of Beijing's broader strategy of diversifying its sources of imported energy, as well increasing its economic integration with Myanmar. Although China has long-term strategic energy investment plans in this country, it does not necessarily mean that China has free rein over the outcomes.