Suchergebnisse

In der Dissertation wird ein neues Konzept "räumliches Öffentlichsein" definiert und dann statt des traditionellen Konzepts von "öffentlichem Raum" verwendet. Das räumliche Öffentlichsein als Dissensus befindet sich immer in einem liminalen Zustand. Diese Liminalität ist dafür entscheidend und hilfreich, die räumlichen Potenziale des Öffentlichseins in Shanghai wiederzuentdecken. Zum Schluss wird die Rolle, welche die Architektur bei der Produktion des räumlichen Öffentlichseins spielt, nach den zwei dissensualen Aspekten – Ästhetik und Politik – untersucht. ; In the dissertation, a new concept, "spatial publicness", is defined and then used to analyze the urban spaces of Shanghai, instead of the traditional one, "public space". The spatial publicness as dissensus always lies in a liminal state. The liminality (instability, uncertainty, temporarity) is crucial and helpful in rediscovering the spatial potential of publicness in Shanghai. Finally, the roles the architecture plays in the production of spatial publicness will be explored according to the two dissensusal aspects separately, namely, aesthetics and politics.

Carbon dioxide mainly comes from industrial economic activities. Industrial structure optimization is an effective way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This paper uses the panel data of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration from 2006 to 2019, uses the Theil index to calculate the industrial structure rationalization index, and uses the proportion of industrial added value to calculate the industrial structure upgrade index. By constructing the STIRPAT model, this paper quantitatively analyzes the impact of industrial structure rationalization and upgrade on carbon emissions. The results show that the rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration significantly inhibit carbon emissions. Compared with the rationalization of the industrial structure, the upgrading of industrial structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has a better effect on carbon emission reduction. For the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, government expenditure on science and technology can promote the upgrading of industrial structure to a certain extent, thereby reducing carbon emissions. There is a big gap between the industrial structure development level of Hebei province and that of Beijing and Tianjin. Finally, based on the conclusion, this paper puts forward the policy enlightenment of promoting the optimization process of industrial structure and reducing carbon emissions of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration.

IntroductionCombination antiretroviral therapy (cART) containing rilpivirine plus 2 NRTIs are effective antiretroviral (ARV) regimens for ARV‐naive HIV‐infected patients who had baseline plasma HIV RNA load (PVL) <5 log10 copies/mL and as switch therapy for those with viral suppression. In this study, we aimed to assess the short‐term safety of rilpivirine‐containing regimens among HIV‐infected patients who initiated or switched to rilpivirine plus two NRTIs in Taiwan.Materials and MethodsBetween January and June 2014, medical records of all HIV‐infected patients who initiated or switched to rilpivirine plus two NRTIs, during the follow‐up were reviewed to assess the tolerance and adverse effects. Using a standardized data collection form, we recorded data of PVL and CD4 count, serologies for hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively), haemogram, aminotransferases, bilirubin and serum creatinine before starting rilpivirine‐containing regimens at four weeks and every 12 weeks thereafter.ResultsDuring the study period, medical records of 246 patients initiated their first ARV therapy with rilpivirine‐containing regimens (n=90) or switched to rilpivirine‐containing regimen from other regimens (156). Of the 246 patients, 73.4% were men who have sex with men and 9.1% and 25.6% tested positive for HBsAg and anti‐HCV antibody, respectively. Baseline CD4 was 395 cells/mm3 (range, 2‐1581) and PVL, 2.76 log10 copies/mL (range, <1.3>7.0 log10 copies/mL). As of 10 July, 23 patients (9.3%) stopped rilpivirine‐containing regimens due to gastrointestinal upset (n=4), skin rash (2), depression (2), poor sleep (3), anaemia (4, all being with zidovudine/lamivudine), nail hyperpigmentation (1), presence of transmitted drug resistance (4), and elevated aminotransferase levels (1). The proportion of the patients with aminotransferases of fivefold or higher than the upper limit of normal (ULN) was 1.7% and 1.5% for AST and ALT, respectively, before starting rilpivirine‐containing regimens; the respective value was 1.4% and 2.4% after 12 weeks of cART.ConclusionsRilpivirine‐containing regimens were generally well tolerated and less than 10% of the patients had to stop rilpivirine due to various reasons. Despite a higher prevalence of chronic HBV or HCV infection, rilpivirine‐containing regimens did not cause significant changes of aminotransferases from baseline.