Suchergebnisse

The figure of Panteleimon Kulish is particularly prominent and influential for Ukrainian culture. But not all his works have not been published yet. Numerous of generations of scholars have studied his literary heritage and research works. These studies have been more and more elaborated with every stage in the Ukrainian humanities' development due to the application of new research methods. Intersectionality of the writer's literary and research interests determines the approaches to the study of his copious achievements as an author, poet, historian, translator, folklore researcher, literary critic, publisher, and social activist. Since his literary and research works were first published and up to nowadays, they have been studied by M. Kostomarov, O. Bodianskyi, M .Zerov, V. Petrov, O.Vertii, Ye. Nakhlik, Ya. Harasym, V. Ivashkiv, O. Fedoruk and many other scholars. Nevertheless, his works devoted to literary criticism require more rigorous scrutiny. They have been studied mainly from the perspective of P. Kulish's evaluation of various works by particular writers. The attention should be drawn to the fact that, in the meantime, he repeatedly emphasized the importance of preserving the Ukrainian language and national culture, its uniqueness and significance. As a matter of fact, the analysis of certain literary criticism studies through this perspective is the main purpose of the article. Having conducted this study, it is necessary to conclude that living under conditions of the imperial censorship, total prohibition of everything related to Ukrainian culture, P. Kulish was always a zealous advocate of the native language, culture and national interests of the Ukrainians. Such views are widely presented in his literary criticism' works and serve as the basis for the main analyzed material. After all, he proved it by all his life, including his literary works.

Honoring the memory of Hryhoriy Savych Skovoroda in the anniversary year of his birthday, we can talk about the eternal, inexhaustible potential of his creativity and ideas, which are endowed with the category of timeless, gaining new meanings in every era for almost three centuries. The life and philosophical and literary heritage of H. Skovoroda (which are complementary in terms of content, because he included reflections on the meaning of life in his works) have been repeatedly studied by scientists from different points of view. They became the subject of understanding in the literary and artistic works of many writers and poets, including Pavlo Hryhorovych Tychyna. In this article, the authors attempted to analyze the polyphonic motifs of the poem-symphony of the Ukrainian poet P. Tychyna "Skovoroda", and drew attention to its national-philosophical sound. The very genre of the work – a symphony – is seen as interesting, which is fully justified by its construction and sound characteristics (as is known, P. Tychyna is the creator of many "musical" poems, as he had an extremely fine sense of sound rhythm, to which he skillfully selected verbal forms). The main leitmotif of the work is the idea of learning and finding one's place in society and the world. Probably every person has thought about the question of truth, "correct expediency" of the own life. H. Skovoroda put these aspirations into a laconic saying that has already become a maxim over the centuries - "Know yourself." The thought searches, hesitations and formation of the philosopher's beliefs described by the artist take place against the background of the national space and reality, which were native to him, and he valued communication with "the people" above all else, as well as personal freedom, because only by being free can one be truthful, frank and sincere. H. Skovoroda affirmed this creed with another leading idea of his life - "the world was catching me, but I didn't catch it." These words are engraved on his grave.