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The purpose of the research was to examine the relationship between attitudes toward euthanasia and perceived social support. The study also identified gender differences and their attitude towards social support. It was a cross-sectional correlation research. The sample size was 200, and the data was collected from a general population of male and female university students through a questionnaire of Attitudes Towards Euthanasia-ATE and Perceived Social Support-PSS along with an informed consent form and a demographic sheet. The study significantly highlighted a negative correlation between ATE and PSS. It predicted that social support would be stronger, and people would receive it from family members to maintain their lives instead of terminating it. Social support was a primary source to help the patients mitigate their attitude towards euthanasia. Due to gender differences, the women received less social support, and the score on the scale of attitude toward euthanasia differs among men and women. Society, parents, family, and other peer members should be supportive to help the patient maintain their life and daily functioning.

This work investigated the impact of higher energy prices on
consumer's welfare for the Pakistan from 1987 to 2012. The central
objective of the study is to quantify the consumer welfare through
Compensating Variation (CV) after estimating the demand elasticities by
applying the Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) for main energy
sources. Welfare change is also measured in four scenarios (two price
shocks) for Pakistan in order to analyse the impact of energy price
change in different time period. Coal, gasoline and High Speed Diesel
(HSD) oil are relatively less elastic, where High Octane Blended
Component (HOBC), kerosene and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) are
relatively more elastic, while electricity and natural gas is unit
elastic. Additionally, the results of Compensating Variation suggest
that due to higher energy prices, more income compensation is required
to pay for consumer in order to achieve the initial energy utility. So
mixture of price controlling and income policies should be adopted for
each energy source. JEL Classification: D6, Q4 Keywords: Rising Energy
Prices, Consumer Welfare, LA/AIDS, CV, Time Series Data

Pakistan experienced too much variation in crude oil prices in the last decades and this variation received a great attention because it uses all the sectors of the economy. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the determinants of Real Exchange Rate and analyze the impact of Real Oil Price Volatility on Real Exchange Rate Volatility in Pakistan over 1983-Q1 to 2014-Q2. Various econometric techniques like Johansen Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model have been used for short run and long run analysis respectively. Our findings explores that productivity differential, real foreign exchange reserves, interest rate differential, real exports and oil prices are the determinants of exchange rate. While, Real Foreign exchange reserves volatility, CPI volatility and Real Oil Price Volatility have positive and NEWS has a negative effect on Real Exchange Rate Volatility. Volatility results through EGARCH (1, 1) shows the presence of leverage effect in Real Oil Price Volatility and Real Exchange Rate Volatility. The government should make suitable policies for equilibrium of oil demand and supply in order to keep the exchange rate stable. Future research can be made on cross sectional countries by using monthly data of variables.

This study aims to estimate determinants of MM in selected districts of Punjab. Data have been extracted from 196 families from three respective districts. Education, safe water availability, sanitation, health infrastructure, immunization card, family size, residence, household income, and ANC visits are taken as independent variables. Education, family size, poor and middle-income class variables had a positive and significant effect on the MM in DG Khan. This study revealed that education, safe water, and income show positive and significant impact on MM in Chakwal district. While, sanitation variable, area of residence and health infrastructure shown negative and significant impact health. The study found that education, household income and family size had a positive and significant effect on the MM in Sialkot. While, Safe water availability, sanitation, health infrastructure and immunization card have negative and insignificant effect on female health. Government should give more strength to integrated reproductive and newborn child health (IRMNCH) program.

Children do laborious work because of many reasons out of which the most important is the pressure to help the family escaping from extreme poverty. Though the children are not given adequate payment for their work and the children prove to be the dominant shareholders to family income especially in developing nations. According to Maple Croft report, Pakistan was placed at 6th position out of top 10 countries in which child labor is in its worst condition. Keeping in view that scenario the present study is aimed to identify the socio-economic effect of child employment laws in reducing child labor. The study was conducted in Sargodha District of Punjab. Multistage sampling was used for data collection. Study employed descriptive design. Study population included all the poor people living in rural areas of district Sargodha. From four randomly selected villages, thirty poor people were selected purposively from each village for the collection of data. Thus, study sample consisted of total 120 poor families whose children were doing laborious work. Structured interview schedule was developed with continuous guidance and supervision of field experts. Panel of experts determined content and face validity of the research instrument. Cronbach's alpha value was used to check reliability of instrument. Data was collected through personal interviews. Data thus collected was analyzed and different statistical techniques were applied to explain the results of the study.