A Multivariate Sample‐Selection Model: Estimating Cigarette and Alcohol Demands with Zero Observations
In: American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Band 87, Heft 2, S. 453-466
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In: American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Band 87, Heft 2, S. 453-466
SSRN
In: Journal of policy modeling: JPMOD ; a social science forum of world issues, Band 39, Heft 1, S. 52-64
ISSN: 0161-8938
In: Journal of policy modeling: JPMOD ; a social science forum of world issues
ISSN: 0161-8938
In: Contemporary economic policy: a journal of Western Economic Association International, Band 33, Heft 3, S. 571-585
ISSN: 1465-7287
AbstractHousehold characteristics variables are used to quantify alcohol and tobacco participation and spending level decisions for households in Turkey using a sample‐selection system. Statistical tests support separate analyses for urban and rural households and joint estimation of the equation system to ameliorate biases and improve statistical efficiency of estimates. Household characteristics play important roles in determining binary consumption decisions and levels of spending on tobacco but play less definitive roles in alcohol spending, for both urban and rural households. Differences are found in consumption behaviors between the two types of households. (JEL C24, D12, I18)
In: Applied economic perspectives and policy, Band 36, Heft 3, S. 479-503
ISSN: 2040-5804
AbstractWe explore the effects of occasional smoking on body mass index (BMI) in comparison to non‐smoking and daily smoking in adults age 18–50. Data are compiled from the 2005–2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Though smaller than that of daily smoking, occasional smoking is found to have a negative and substantial effect on body weight. Differences in the effect of occasional smoking on body weight across BMI categories are small. Unlike daily smoking, the effects of occasional smoking on BMI are larger for females, exceeding 50% of the effects of daily smoking on BMI. These large effects constitute a threat as occasional smoking might be seen by females as an effective weight control strategy that carries lower health risks than daily smoking. Strategies to reduce smoking should then emphasize the proportional health risks of occasional smoking.
In: Journal of poverty: innovations on social, political & economic inequalities, S. 1-18
ISSN: 1540-7608
In: Journal of economics, race, and policy, Band 6, Heft 2, S. 82-101
ISSN: 2520-842X
In: International journal of public opinion research, Band 34, Heft 3
ISSN: 1471-6909
Abstract
Past studies establish that general education and scientific knowledge foster more favorable public attitudes toward scientists and scientific research. They also highlight important attitudinal impacts of group identities, in particular, political ideology, party affiliation, religion, and race. The primary purpose of this paper is to determine whether and how these identities might moderate the effects of general education and scientific knowledge on public attitudes toward scientists and scientific research. Main findings include effects of education and scientific knowledge remain significant to varying degrees but are not uniformly generalizable across different group identities; attitudes toward scientists and scientific research have remained fairly stable since 2006; and to love science and hate scientists is not confined to political conservatives.
In: Review of policy research, Band 38, Heft 1, S. 6-30
ISSN: 1541-1338
AbstractThis paper focuses on the effects of political ideology and party affiliation on support for more government spending on environmental protection. Pooled‐sample results show that Liberals (Democrats) are more likely to support higher government spending on environmental protection than Moderates (Independents), who, in turn, are more likely to support higher spending levels than Conservatives (Republicans). The results persist even when we control for respondents' opinions concerning whether the federal government, in general, does too little or too much. When stratifying by party, ideological divisions generally narrow, while stratifying by ideology leads to slightly wider divisions between Democrats and Republicans. Together, these results suggest that when Liberals and Conservatives form opinions about government spending on the environment, party affiliation, to some degree, dampens the effects of ideology. Between 2014 and 2018 the probability of supporting more environmental spending increased, albeit slightly, for all ideologies and parties, but more so for Liberals and Democrats.
In: Social science journal: official journal of the Western Social Science Association, Band 54, Heft 1, S. 39-50
ISSN: 0362-3319
In: Contemporary Economic Policy, Band 35, Heft 1, S. 113-124
SSRN
In: Eastern economic journal: EEJ, Band 43, Heft 1, S. 43-63
ISSN: 1939-4632
In: Social science quarterly, Band 98, Heft 1, S. 196-211
ISSN: 1540-6237
ObjectivesThe effects of religiosity and sociodemographic characteristics on support for same‐sex marriage (SSM) are estimated.MethodsAn ordered probability model with ordinal endogenous treatment is estimated. Treatment effects of religiosity and marginal effects of other covariates are calculated.ResultsReligiosity reduces the likelihood of SSM support. This impact can be attenuated by educational achievement, Democratic Party affiliation, higher incomes, and greater contact with gays and lesbians. The importance of religion has no differential impact on the marginal effects of other covariates.ConclusionsWe expect the litigation of cases in which gay married couples allege victimization from some form of discrimination, which, in turn, will be defended on the grounds of religious freedom. Religious freedom supporters will come from the intrinsically religious, evangelicals, strong Republicans, and African Americans; same‐sex couples will draw support from those who are more educated, strongly Democratic, and at the higher end of the income distribution.
In: Contemporary economic policy: a journal of Western Economic Association International, Band 35, Heft 1, S. 113-124
ISSN: 1465-7287
Eliminating or reducing the federal charitable deduction can have serious impacts on the level of charitable donations. Tax price elasticity estimates from a multivariate sample selection model indicate that changing the deduction to a 12% tax credit would have reduced individual donations in 2012 by 18.9% if applied to itemizing taxpayers and by 10.5% if extended to nonitemizers. Elimination of the deduction would have led to a 35% reduction in individual charitable donations. Even if coupled with cuts in marginal tax rates, eliminating the charitable deduction will still likely result in substantial reductions given the inelastic income elasticities of charitable donations. The estimates justify the ardent opposition of many in the nonprofit sector to the more radical proposals for changing the tax treatment of charitable contributions. (JEL D34, C34)
In: Pacific economic review, Band 16, Heft 4, S. 504-519
ISSN: 1468-0106
AbstractLonger life expectancy and declining birth rates have contributed to an aging population in many countries. This paper addresses the relationship between mental health and employment status among the elderly in Taiwan. A simultaneous equation system is developed that accommodates the discrete and censored nature of the two endogenous variables. Using data from a nationwide survey of the elderly in Taiwan, we find that older adults with mental illness are less likely to work, while those currently working are less prone to mental illness compared to their unemployed cohort.