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In: Metascience: an international review journal for the history, philosophy and social studies of science, Band 11, Heft 2, S. 171-176
ISSN: 1467-9981
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In: Metascience: an international review journal for the history, philosophy and social studies of science, Band 11, Heft 2, S. 171-176
ISSN: 1467-9981
In: The Australian journal of politics and history: AJPH, Band 48, Heft 1, S. 128-129
ISSN: 0004-9522
In: Social history of medicine, Band 4, Heft 1, S. 149-150
ISSN: 1477-4666
In: History of European ideas, Band 9, Heft 3, S. 370-371
ISSN: 0191-6599
In: History of European ideas, Band 8, Heft 1, S. 112-113
ISSN: 0191-6599
In: History of European ideas, Band 4, Heft 3, S. 350-350
ISSN: 0191-6599
In: Collected studies series 726
In: The Australian journal of politics and history: AJPH, Band 48, Heft 1, S. 128
ISSN: 0004-9522
In: The Australian journal of politics and history: AJPH, Band 48, Heft 3, S. 430-431
ISSN: 0004-9522
In: Metascience: an international review journal for the history, philosophy and social studies of science, Band 7, Heft 1, S. 181-230
ISSN: 1467-9981
he 2014–2015 Bárðarbunga fissure eruption at Holuhraun in central Iceland was distinguished by the high emission of gases, in total 9.6 Mt SO2, with almost no tephra. This work collates all ground-based measurements of this extraordinary eruption cloud made under particularly challenging conditions: remote location, optically dense cloud with high SO2 column amounts, low UV intensity, frequent clouds and precipitation, an extensive and hot lava field, developing ramparts, and high-latitude winter conditions. Semi-continuous measurements of SO2 flux with three scanning DOAS instruments were augmented by car traverses along the ring-road and along the lava. The ratios of other gases/SO2 were measured by OP-FTIR, MultiGAS, and filter packs. Ratios of SO2/HCl = 30–110 and SO2/HF = 30–130 show a halogen-poor eruption cloud. Scientists on-site reported extremely minor tephra production during the eruption. OPC and filter packs showed low particle concentrations similar to non-eruption cloud conditions. Three weather radars detected a droplet-rich eruption cloud. Top of eruption cloud heights of 0.3–5.5 km agl were measured with ground- and aircraft-based visual observations, web camera and NicAIR II infrared images, triangulation of scanning DOAS instruments, and the location of SO2 peaks measured by DOAS traverses. Cloud height and emission rate measurements were critical for initializing gas dispersal simulations for hazard forecasting. ; his work was greatly supported by the FUTUREVOLC project funded by the European Union's Seventh Program for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant agreement No 308377. BG and SA acknowledge a grant from the Swedish Research Council FORMAS. EI acknowledges NERC urgency grant NE/M021130/1. ; Peer Reviewed
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