Suchergebnisse

The article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of public-administrative discourse as a type of communication between public administration institutions and the public. The author describes the main approaches to understanding the concept of "discourse", which are not limited to purely linguistic issues, but have a wider scope of application in such fields of knowledge as linguistics, political science, philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, journalism, cultural studies, art history, mathematics, and public administration.
The article reveals that "discourse" and its variant "institutional discourse" are a system of actions, roles and norms of behaviour in the process of communication (communication), according to the following main criteria: communication subjects (public authorities, civil society institutions, representatives of a particular social group, the public) communication goals. Its components are "administrative discourse" and "public-administrative discourse".
The author determines that the specificity of "administrative" discourse is communication within the framework of status-role relations, i.e., speech interaction between representatives of executive authorities (civil servants) performing executive and administrative functions and citizens. The main functions of administrative discourse are prescriptive, controlling and evaluative, the essence of which is to assess the work of performers.
It is substantiated that "public-administrative discourse" is a type of communication, communicative interaction between public authorities (public managers) and civil society institutions and the public at different communicative levels in different socio-political conditions. Thus, "public-administrative discourse" is a tool for realising the practical interests of the State, i.e., it contributes to the democratisation of society and improvement of the quality of life of the population.

У статті розглянута евфемізація процесу комунікації між владою і громадськістю як стійка сукупність комунікаційних ролей і функцій владних інститутів, які через взаємодію між собою й громадськістю реалізовують владні інтереси, тобто здійснюють владу, яка є рушійним мотивом української практики соціальних комунікацій.
Досліджено, що в умовах демократизації та євроінтеграції українського суспільства евфемізація набуває поширення в процесі управління, що пов'язане із стратегією підвищення значимості та підтримання авторитету влади, або уникнути репрезентації неприємних сторін дійсності шляхом пом'якшення й приховування сенсу негативних подій.
Виявлено, що налагоджування ефективних взаємовідносин між публічною владою і громадськістю безпосередньо пов'язано з наявністю між ними каналів комунікації, вмінь і навичок ефективно застосовувати прийоми спілкування і необхідні для цього ресурси, одним з яких є евфемізми як засіб політкоректності.
Зазначено, що саме всі владні інститути є суб'єктами комунікації з громадськістю, тобто відносно самостійними структурами передачі та отримання інформації. Отже, евфемізація процесу комунікації між владою і громадськістю в публічному управлінні це свого роду вид застосування влади, при якому владні інституції впливають на поведінку громадськості. По-перше, відмовляючись від виразів і поведінки, що є образливими для певних груп населення; по-друге, підтримуючи демократичні зміни в соціальній, політичній, культурній і освітній сферах, що спрямовані на питання подолання соціальної, расової, гендерної, сексуальної тощо дискримінації; по-трете, маніпулюючи громадською думкою, запроваджуючи в масову свідомість соціально-політичні ідеї й демократичні, ліберальні цінності.
В подальших дослідженнях пропонується звернути увагу на європейський досвід запровадження доктрини політкоректності в процесі комунікації влади й громадськості.

У статті розглянута політична коректність, як соціальний конструкт повсякденного сучасного політкоректного мовного простору публічного управління, що була запропонована і розроблена у 60-х рр. ХХ століття Пітером Бергером і Томасом Лукманом.
Доведено, що в публічному управлінні в умовах комунікації, дотримання політкоректності спрямоване на те, щоб знайти нові способи мовного вираження замість тих, які торкаються почуттів та гідності окремої людини, стосовно раси, статі, віку, стану здоров'я, соціального статусу, зовнішнього вигляду та ін.
Зазначено, що політкоректність, як нормований мовний спосіб поведінки, притаманний будь-якому суспільству, зокрема українському, тому що пов'язаний з моделями коректної поведінки членів суспільства, а з точки зору теорії соціального конструктивізму має певний потенціал конструювання уявлень про реальність життя населення.
Підкреслено, що уявлення про політкоректність, як соціальний конструкт публічного управління засновано на тому, що люди в суспільстві засвоюють загальну точку зору щодо більшості речей, що існують в суспільній свідомості, як частину наданої соціальної реальності, що існує об'єктивно, але завжди є суб'єктивною тому що формується, інтерпретується, конструюється акторами в процесі комунікації.
Визначено, що політкоректність, як надана нам реальність і водночас конструкт соціальної реальності, створюється, конструюється та засвоюється людьми у вигляді політкоректних цінностей і норм, для того щоб в процесі комунікації, утримуватися від висловів, поглядів і дій, які можуть бути образливими для інших членів суспільства. Політкоректність є формою соціальної організації, що конструюється на суб'єктивних знаннях людей в процесі їх діяльності, та є символічною структурою, що інтегрована в модель політкоректної мовної поведінки.
В подальших дослідженнях пропонується вивчення політкоректності через механізми активного залучення громадськості до процесів публічного управління, зокрема об'єднаних територіальних громад.

This work is devoted to current problems of modern education: the formation and development of scientific thinking of the individual from the school age and the improvement of environmental education of students both of high school and older ones, since the authors do believe that these issues are interrelated. In this paper, some issues of students' scientific education are considered from the standpoint of strengthening the science intensity of the proposed educational content. The authors, being in the systems of secondary and higher schools and based on their own professional experience, found their way to improve the level of scientific education of students by involving them in educational environmental/bionic research works in the form of IT projects. The students' work on such a project implies the main stages of modern researching – from mathematical modeling of a selected natural phenomenon to mathematical processing of the corresponding computer experiment results and their interpretation. The organization of training-and-research activities of high school students and working on such researches have several positive outcomes, one of which is not only the improvement of knowledge in the Natural sciences, but also other positive aspects related to certain types of human thinking – critical, algorithmic, logical and creative ones. The authors believe that significant success in conducting student research can be achieved by working with "ordinary-and-average" but motivated students. The authors prove with their practical experience that it is possible to identify and educate young people with qualities (maybe with talents!) of researchers in time. The paper also points an important question about the contents of modern education at the secondary school and higher levels.

Relevance of the research topic. The strategy of social and economic development of Ukraine declares the European choice of the state. Accordingly, it is relevant to study the processes of Ukraine's integration into the world financial space and its regional subsystems in order to determine the strategic directions of the country's economic policy, taking into account the latest trends in the development of the world market. Formulation of the problem. With the acceleration of financial globalization, its impact on the country's economy and its financial component is substantially changing and intensifying, the processes of integration into the world financial space are becoming irreversible, and their impact on national economies is controversial, which requires further scientific research of the theoretical and applied aspects of integrating the financial system of Ukraine into European financial space. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problem of the influence of globalization on the financial systems of countries, the consequences of integration of the Ukrainian economy and its financial component into the global economic space and its regional subsystems is now quite widespread in scientific research. These are the works of famous scientists: Raghuram G. Rajan, D. Lukianenko, S. Lutsyshyn, A. Mozgovyi, L. Petkova, A. Rogach, K. Rogoff, J. Stolyarchuk, N. Stukalo, and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. At the same time, these issues are being updated in connection with the acceleration of financial globalization and the European choice of Ukraine, which requires the solution of a number of specific tasks related to the integration of Ukraine into the global financial space. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The objective of the study is to analyze the latest trends in the development of the world financial system to justify the conditions and the main directions of the country's integration into the European financial space. The purpose of the study is to determine the main directions of Ukraine's financial eurointegration policy. Method or methodology for conducting research. The article uses a set of methods of scientific research: the system approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis and synthesis. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The influence of financial globalization on the development of the financial system of Ukraine is determined and the conditions and main directions of the country's integration into the European financial space are justified. The advantages of sectoral integration of Ukraine in the financial sphere are proved. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of forming and implementing the financial Eurointegration policy of Ukraine. Conclusions according to the article. With the acceleration of financial globalization, its impact on the economies of the countries and their financial component is substantially changing and intensifying. Accordingly, it is relevant for Ukraine to monitor the latest trends in the development of the global economy, the world financial system and its regional subsystems to determine the strategic priorities for reforming the financial system of Ukraine and timely and effective adjustment of the state's financial eurointegration policy.

Subject of research is the stages of development and the actual state of the domestic stock market. The purpose of the article is to identify the stages of formation and development of the domestic stock market and as a result of determining the prospects for further development. Methods used in the research process: method of system-structural analysis and synthesis, method of comparative analysis, generalization, general scientific, special methods of scientific knowledge and other research methods. Study results. The experience of developed economies shows that the stock market, unlike other markets (including commodity or foreign exchange), is one of the most regulated and regulated. The specificity of the domestic stock market is that in Ukraine there is virtually no domestic investor, a significant number of transactions are concluded to obtain speculative profits; quite often shares are bought at the beginning of trading only in order to "sell" the market more expensive to sell them and make money on it. Investigating the activities of the domestic stock market, the main stages of its development are consistently identified. The role and importance of the stock market in ensuring economic development, to a large extent, is determined by the volume and structure of trading in financial instruments. At the current stage of development of the stock market, trading is concentrated on two stock exchanges of PJSC Stock Exchange "Perspective" and PJSC "Stock Exchange PFTS", identified trends to consolidate trade in these infrastructure market participants. Application of results. The results of the study can be used in the activities of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the National Commission on Securities and Stock Market, as well as in higher education institutions in the teaching of economic disciplines. Conclusions. The stock market must attract investors with its legality, honesty and order. This can be achieved only through state regulation of the securities industry in close cooperation with its representatives.

Subject of research is the sources of funding for the social development of united territorial communities (UTC). The purpose of the article is to determine the prospects and measures to attract financial resources for the development of local communities in a decentralized environment. Methods which were used in course of research: method of system-structural analysis and synthesis, method of comparative analysis, generalization, statistical, general scientific, special methods of scientific knowledge and other research methods. Study results.The article identifies the main obstacles to effective financial support for the development of territorial communities, considers some experience in finding and raising funds for the development of territories, describes the sources of such funds. Measures that will contribute to the investment attractiveness of the territory are analyzed and substantiated. Application of results. The results of the study can be used by the united territorial communities for the formation of financial resources, as well as in higher education institutions in the teaching of economic disciplines. Conclusions. After conducting the research, it should be noted that the process of uniting territorial communities in Ukraine and, consequently, attracting financial resources to their budgets is a rather complex process and therefore requires consolidation of efforts at all levels of government and support from European partners. Due to the reform of decentralization of management in Ukraine, capable territorial communities should be created that are able to ensure the development of the territory, quality provision of social services and promote the well-being of their residents and Ukraine in general. It is determined that the main sources of funds for socio-economic development of UTC are: international technical assistance, additional subventions from the state budget to local budgets for the formation of community infrastructure, local taxes from businesses.

Subject of research is public debt. The purpose of this article is to analyze the status of public debt of Ukraine, its dynamics and structure. Methods which were used in course of research: the method of systemic structural analysis and synthesis, method of comparative analysis, generalization, statistical, General, special methods of scientific knowledge and other research methods. Study results.The article described the views of scientists on the essence of economic category «public debt». Analyzed the periods of the formation of government debt, the dynamics of the budget deficit of Ukraine over the past 10 years, public and publicly guaranteed debt of Ukraine from 2012 to 2019 Indicated the negative effects of the impact of public debt on the economy and forward-looking indicators of public debt in the years 2020-2024. Application of results.Тhe results of the study can be used in the activities of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, as well as in institutions of higher education in teaching economic disciplines. Conclusions.The state budget of Ukraine is performed by increasing the volume of its deficiency and the use of borrowing to Finance it. The result is an increase in government direct and guaranteed debt, and this is what causes the increased pressure on the public finances, on the development of our country, which negatively affects economic growth. During the years of independence, there were fluctuations in government and government-guaranteed debt, but never reached zero values. The main objective of the government is to stabilize the economy, and hence in the medium term, he needs to resolve the question of reducing public debt because it poses a threat to financial and economic security of the country.

The subject of the work the conditions, characteristics and trends of creation of effective system of social protection of the population. The aim of this work is to study the main directions of state social policy in the context of integration processes. The methodology of work. The work is done on the basis of studies of modern scientific views on the definition of the nature and development of social protection and social policy in Ukraine under conditions of integration processes. The results of the work. The article is devoted to social protection issues in the context of social policy, because the main objective of this policy is improving the welfare and the promotion of comprehensive state protection of the intellectual potential of society, given the characteristics of integration processes. Assessed the status and trends of development of financial provision of social protection in Ukraine and assess its compliance with the European norms and standards. Formulated proposals for the development of system of financial provision of social protection in Ukraine in the context of processes of European integration. Conclusions. The analysis of current formations of the essence of the term "social protection" have shown that it is interpreted by scientists around the same, this implies a system of measures which compensate for the social inequality of citizens, to ensure equal access of every person to a certain minimum of social benefits, to protect every individual against social risks, which always have a place in human life. Ascertained the need and trends of gradual reform of the social protection system in Ukraine with the aim of as close as possible to her baseline conditions in the relevant international norms and standards embodied in ILO instruments and European Union, which are designed to guarantee a decent life to every person upon the occurrence of the relevant social risks regardless of gender, age, duration of stay in a particular country.