It is of great theoretical and practical significance to construct a bid evaluation index system characterized by green for government public project green procurement. With the combination of sustainable development theory and system theory, and with the goal of government public project procurement as the guide, this paper uses the documentary research method, questionnaire survey method, and expert consultation method to analyze the influential factors of bid evaluation for government public project procurement with the perspective of green development from the aspects of qualification, economy, technology, management, and public welfare and to construct the bid evaluation index system for government public project green procurement ; based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, using the D-S evidence synthesis method to construct a comprehensive judgment matrix for group decision-making (which effectively solves the problem of synthesizing expert opinions), and combined with the analytic hierarchy process, the index weights are determined. Ultimately, a bid evaluation index system for government public project green procurement is obtained, including 5 first-level indexes, 18 secondary indexes, and 56 tertiary indexes, providing theoretical guidance for the government to implement green procurement in the field of public projects.
Urban villages, namely villages encircled by urban environments, are unique phenomena that proliferated during China's rapid urbanization process, as well as important development issues for many Chinese cities at present. This article focuses on two planning approaches for urban villages, dominated by the government's uniform and formal planning and villagers' spontaneous and informal planning practices, aiming to examine which planning approach is more conducive to urban village development. The two planning approaches for urban villages have simultaneously appeared in Hangzhou, a Chinese metropolis with a combination of high-speed economic growth, a unique geological environment, and a long cultural history, providing appropriate comparative study cases for this research. Two urban villages, Luojiazhuang and Yangjiapailou, located in plain and hilly areas in Hangzhou, respectively, and developed through the two planning approaches were selected as study cases. Primary data were collected based on field investigations, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaire surveys. The villagers' rental income, shopkeepers' business benefits, and tenants' residential satisfaction were investigated to compare the development of the two urban villages. Results indicate that compared with the formal planning-dominated approach, the informal planning-dominated approach achieves continuously rising rental income, more stable business benefits, and higher residential satisfaction, better suited to urban village development. This study contributes to coordinated urban–rural interaction in the urbanization process and enriches the formality–informality debates from a spatial planning perspective.
Population transformation -- Population Flow and Social changes -- The change of social representation of rural floating population -- Population aging and old-age security -- Employment structure transformation -- The evolution of China's social security system -- Changes in the production and life of farmers -- The changes of working class composition -- Social changes at the grass-roots level -- The change and development of Social organizations.
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AbstractThis study investigates the impact of analyst coverage on corporate social responsibility (CSR) decoupling using a sample of listed firms in China for 2010–2019. Results reveal that analyst coverage decreases CSR decoupling, and that the negative association is more pronounced for non‐state‐owned firms and for firms with high information asymmetry. The baseline results remain consistent after application of several robustness and endogeneity tests, including two‐stage least squares (2SLS) and Heckman two‐stage analysis. The results extend the literature on analyst coverage and scarce studies on determinants of CSR decoupling. Practitioners may alleviate CSR decoupling by properly using the monitoring role of financial analysts in corporate governance.
Abstract According to Chinese civil law, the licensor's permission to exploit a patent is clearly to be regarded as enabling the use of the patent. However, under certain circumstances, this seemingly correct understanding sounds somehow oversimplified, especially when it intersects with Chinese patent law. And this understanding may, in the absence of a clear explicit agreement, cause several problems (such as the subjective impossibility of performance) under the Chinese legal framework. Although the concept of a negative patent license is not in conformity with the legislative intent of the Chinese Civil Code, it could be a solution to these problems.
Health is indispensable for living a life of dignity. Currently, there is an almost universal commitment to the right to health (care). However, despite the growing legal recognition of this right, empirical evidence suggests that, as a whole, the implementation of the right to health (care) remains largely rhetorical at the domestic level. For example, although China ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in 2001, relatively little attention has been paid to the domestic implementation of the right to health (care). Violations of this right were also identified in reality. Given that China?s health care reform is entering the so-called ?deep-water? zone, it is essential for the Chinese government to investigate how to guarantee everyone equal access to health care.00'Advancing the Right to Health Care in China' analyses the role of accountability, a Western concept that has recently been introduced to China, in advancing the right to health care in light of China?s unique political, legal and social background
As microfluidic devices are designed to tackle more intricate tasks, the architecture of microfluidic devices becomes more complex, and more sophisticated fabrication techniques are in demand. Therefore, it is sensible to fabricate microfluidic devices by three-dimensional (3D)-printing, which is well-recognized for its unique ability to monolithically fabricate complex structures using a near-net-shape additive manufacturing process. Many 3D-printed microfluidic platforms have been demonstrated but can 3D-printed microfluidics meet the demanding requirements in today's context, and has microfluidics truly benefited from 3D-printing? In contrast to 3D-printed microfluidics, some go the other way around and exploit microfluidics for 3D-printing. Many innovative printing strategies have been made possible with microfluidics-enabled 3D-printing, although the limitations are also largely evident. In this perspective article, we take a look at the current development in 3D-printed microfluidics and microfluidics-enabled 3D printing with a strong focus on the limitations of the two technologies. More importantly, we attempt to identify the innovations required to overcome these limitations and to develop new high-value applications that would make a scientific and social impact in the future. ; Ministry of Education (MOE) ; Nanyang Technological University ; Published version ; The author would like to thank the funding support from Nanyang Technological University (Start Up Grant), National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Cluster (NAMIC Singapore, 2017135), Ageing Research Institute for Society and Education (ARISE Singapore, ARISE/2017/22) and Singapore Ministry of Education (Tier 1, RG49/17). This research was conducted in collaboration with HP Inc. and supported/partially supported by the Singapore Government through the Industry Alignment Fund -Industry Collaboration Projects Grant.
In: Zhang , Y 2018 , ' Advancing the right to health care in China : Towards Accountability ' , Doctor of Philosophy , University of Groningen , [Groningen] .
Hedendaags is sprake van een bijna universele onderschrijving van het recht op gezondheid (en het recht op gezondheidszorg als onderdeel daarvan). Ondanks de groeiende wettelijke erkenning van het recht op gezondheidszorg, blijkt uit empirisch onderzoek dat de implementatie van dit recht grotendeels retorisch blijft op het nationale niveau. Hoewel China bijvoorbeeld het IVESCR in 2001 heeft geratificeerd, is weinig aandacht besteed aan de tenuitvoerlegging van het recht op gezondheidszorg op nationaal niveau. Schendingen van dit recht zijn dan ook vastgesteld. Aangezien de hervorming van de gezondheidszorg in China de zogenaamde 'diepwaterzone' ingaat, is het van cruciaal belang voor de Chinese overheid om te onderzoeken hoe iedereen gelijke toegang tot gezondheidszorg te garanderen. Het doel van deze studie is om bestaande tekortkomingen in China's tenuitvoerlegging van het recht op gezondheidszorg te identificeren. Om vervolgens de resterende uitdagingen te onderzoeken in het kader van het mensenrechten-concept accountability (de plicht van overheden om verantwoording af te leggen). En daaropvolgend aanbevelingen te doen aan Chinese wet- en beleidsmakers voor het implementeren van de Chinese verplichtingen onder het recht op gezondheidszorg middels de conceptwet Basic Health Law. De centrale onderzoeksvraag is daarom of en hoe het 'verantwoording afleggen' (accountability) het recht op gezondheidszorg kan bevorderen in het licht van China's unieke politieke, juridische en sociaal-maatschappelijke context. Op deze wijze worden in deze studie twee verschillende concepten gesynthetiseerd: (1) het recht op gezondheid; en (2) accountability. Beide concepten worden zo in een analytisch raamwerk voor 'het recht op gezondheid-gerelateerde accountability' geïntegreerd. Op basis hiervan beoogt de studie een constructief verantwoordingsmodel te bieden dat toegepast kan worden op specifieke gezondheidsproblemen, zowel in China als in andere landen, met name landen met niet-electorale regimes. ; Currently, there is an almost universal commitment to the right to health (care). However, despite the growing legal recognition of this right, empirical evidence suggests that the domestic implementation of the right to health (care) around the globe remains largely rhetorical. For example, although China ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in 2001, relatively little attention was paid to the domestic implementation of the right to health care. Violations of this right were also identified in reality. Given that China's health care reform is entering into the so-called 'deep-water' zone, it is of vital importance for the Chinese government to guarantee everyone equal access to health care. This study aims to identify existing shortcomings in China's domestic implementation of the right to health care, and to address the remaining challenges through the lens of accountability. Having done so, this study offers recommendations for Chinese law- and policy-makers for implementing China's obligations under the right to health care through the draft Basic Health Law. Therefore, the central research question is whether and how 'accountability' could advance the right to health care in light of China's unique political, legal and social background. In doing so, this study synthesises two different concepts: (1) the right to health; and (2) accountability, and integrates them into an analytical framework for 'right to health-based accountability'. The study is expected to establish a constructive accountability model that can be applied to specific health concerns in China, as well as in other countries, particularly those with non-electoral regimes.
