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Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- Part I China's Unique Development Path -- 1 What Drives China's Economic Growth under the "New Normal"? -- Consumption Growth for Sustainable Development in China -- Sharing Economy to Improve People's Welfare -- Self-Dependent Innovation and Foreign Talents -- The Mass Foundation of China's Technological Innovation -- Green Development Becomes the Main Theme of China's Economic Development -- 2 Core Competitiveness of China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry and National Economic Growth -- The Difficult Start of China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry -- The Rapid Development of China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry -- The Broad Market of China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry -- China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry Goes Global -- The Development of China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry Drives Economic Growth -- 3 The Reform and Development of China's Financial System -- Building a New Financial System -- Improving Financial Markets -- The World Trade Organization and the Reform of China's Financial System -- Future Trends in the Reform of China's Financial System -- 4 How to Better Use China's Massive Foreign Exchange Reserves -- Excessive Growth of Foreign Exchange Reserves and Its Macroeconomic Risks -- The Increase and Decrease of China's Foreign Exchange Reserves -- The United States Is Not a Safe Haven for China's Fleeing Capital -- Dialectical Views on China's Foreign Exchange Reserves -- Increasing Outward Investment and Warding off Investment Traps -- 5 China's International Discourse Power -- The Concept of Discourse -- The Building of Discourse -- How China Builds Its International Discourse -- The Rise of China's National Power and Its International Status -- 6 China's Institutional Advantage -- The Myth of "Democracy".

L'article retrace les grandes périodes de la transformation du système financier chinois, consécutives à la « politique de réforme et d'ouverture ». La première a consisté à doter la Chine d'institutions adéquates à un socialisme de marché. La seconde période, après l'adhésion de la Chine à l'OMC, voit la transformation des banques étatiques en banques par actions, avec une entrée d'investisseurs étrangers. L'article se poursuit par l'examen des grandes questions qui se posent aujourd'hui dans une perspective de libéralisation progressive, mais sans affaiblir le contrôle macro-économique.

AbstractAir pollution associated with vehicle emissions from roadways has been linked to a variety of adverse health effects. Wind tunnel and tracer studies show that noise barriers mitigate the impact of this pollution up to distances of 30 times the barrier height. Data from these studies have been used to formulate dispersion models that account for this mitigating effect. Before these models can be incorporated into Federal and State regulations, it is necessary to demonstrate their applicability under real-world conditions. This paper describes a comprehensive field study conducted in Riverside, CA, in 2019 to collect the data required to evaluate the performance of these models. Eight vehicles fitted with SF6 tracer release systems were driven in a loop on a 2-km stretch of Interstate 215 that had a 5-m tall noise barrier on the downwind side. The tracer, SF6, was sampled at over 40 locations at distances ranging from 5 to 200 m from the barrier. Meteorological data were measured with several 3-D sonic anemometers located upwind and downwind of the highway. The data set, corresponding to 10 h collected over 4 days, consists of information on emissions, tracer concentrations, and micrometeorological variables that can be used to evaluate barrier effects in dispersion models. An analysis of the data using a dispersion model indicates that current models are likely to overestimate concentrations, or underestimate the mitigation from barriers, at low wind speeds. We suggest an approach to correct this problem.

Abstract. The continuous increasing of Earth observations benefits geosciences and seismicity study but increases greatly the difficulties in understanding and discriminating multiple source data. Although the lithosphere–coversphere–atmosphere-ionosphere (LCAI) coupling paradigm and the deviation–time–space (DTS) criterion were presented for better searching for and understanding the potential seismic anomalies from multiple observations, the strict consistency of spatiotemporal characteristics and homologous physics of multiple-parameter seismic anomalies has not been investigated sufficiently. With the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence being a typical case, the reported multi-parameter anomalies were systematically reviewed, and their space–time characteristics were summarized thoroughly in this study. Numerical simulation with refined geological structures in three-dimensional space revealed the inhomogeneous crustal stress field alteration (CSFA) along the faults and around the hypocenters of the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence, which is expected to be the root of the seismic anomalies. The stress-activated positive charge carriers would have given rise to different responses near the ground surface (coversphere), including the microwave dielectric reduction, the additional infrared radiation, and the atmospheric ionization, which subsequently affected the physical properties of the atmosphere and the ionosphere and resulted in abnormal phenomena therein. Based on the DTS criterion and LCAI coupling paradigm, the seismic anomalies of the 2015 Nepal earthquakes were scrutinized strictly, and the retained anomalies were rooted carefully to the regional CSFA as well as its local blocking. Therefore, an integrated LCAI coupling framework with strict space–time correspondence and homologous physics in CSFA was proposed for the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence. This research provides a definite philosophy as well as a practical solution for scrutinizing the rootable seismic anomalies from multi-parameter observations of earthquakes, which is of scientific meanings for searching earthquake precursors and reaching earthquake prediction.