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The study investigated travels of the commuters between their residences and Dagon University within the area of Yangon City to identify travel demand, travel patterns and to suggest smooth transportation facilities and services. The analysis is based on commute data of teachers, students and staff at Dagon University. This study emphasizes public transport of Dagon University; questionnaire, interview and survey were done for the analysis. The sources of data were structured questionnaire which were obtained from Yangon Region Bus Control Committee (Ma-Hta-Tha). The sampling procedure entailed the identification of the motor park, selection of the passengers, in order to obtain the relevant data in accordance with the structured questionnaire. It was found that the most of the buses met on Pyihtaungsu Road; the travel characteristics of passengers revealed that time was not directly proportionate to distance; and the highest level of traffic congestion can be found in downtown area and gradually decreased to peripheral area. The passengers face the challenges of public transport such as traffic congestion, transit, frequent stops, unexpected breakdown of vehicles, leak of rain from the bus roof, noise of engine, overcrowding, no refund and more charge of bus fare. The government needs to consider these implementations: Traffic signal synchronization, HOV lanes, singleentry traffic corridor, BRT system, MRT system (Mass Rapid Transit), using waterway (Yangon River, Pazuntaung Creek and Ngamoeyeik Creek) and building rail route (two-storey overpass).

PurposeAlthough economic theory generally does not support government intervention in international trade, casual observation shows that many developing countries adopt certain trade policies to promote their exports. The objective of this paper is to answer the question that whether developing countries can benefit from export promotion.Design/methodology/approachThis paper considers a developing country which has to import new technology from the world market to improve its productivity. If it has certain economic rigidities, the country is short of foreign exchange and domestic firms cannot import an adequate amount of new technology. Even if there is no rigidity, domestic firms may not have sufficient incentive to invest in new technology. Therefore, the government can step in to subsidize exports. Through an analytical model, this paper investigates in what conditions the measures of export promotion can stimulate production and employment, and improve efficiency and social welfare.FindingsThis paper analyzes two effects of export promotion: raising the incentive of capital investment and reducing capital goods shortage caused by foreign exchange constraint. These effects might be the economic rationale for developing country governments to promote exports. It is found that export promotion can definitely raise employment and productivity, but whether these measures can stimulate the supply to the domestic market and improve domestic welfare depends on the sufficient and necessary condition given in the paper.Originality/valueEstablishes an analytical model to investigate in what conditions the measures of export promotion such as export subsidies and domestic currency devaluation can stimulate production and employment, and can improve efficiency and social welfare.

Ten years ago, after a series of bloody confrontations in which up to 5,000 Burmese were killed by security forces — more than in the 1989 Tiananmen massacre — the Burmese military took over the government of the country in September 1988 and instituted severe censorship with total disregard for human rights. Despite the overwhelming victory of the National League for Democracy in the 1990 elections, the military remains in power. Burma's economy is in ruins and human rights abuses continue; but the generals show no willingness for dialogue and, as the anniversary of their takeover approached, renewed their attacks on the NLD and its leader, Aung San Suu Kyi

Preface by Ping Xinqiao -- An Important Innovation Achievement of Economics Theory with Chinese Characteristics -- On Li Yining's contribution to economics -- Introduction -- I. Formation of Economics Theory with Chinese Characteristics -- II. The Framework Structure and Main Content of this Book -- PART ONE -- Mutual Understanding and Inclusiveness -- The Origin and Development of Economics -- Chapter 1 -- Theoretical Framework of Economics -- Section 1: Economics Is the Science of Social Enlightenment and Social Design -- I. What Economics Studies -- II. How to Study Economics -- III. Levels of Economic Theory Section 2: Ethics of Economics -- I. Ethics of Economics and the Study of Human -- II. The Study of Economics Ethics and Objectives -- Section 3: Economic Operation and System -- I. How to Achieve Efficiency and Fairness -- II. Economic System and Resource Allocation -- Section 4: Three Important Tools of Economists -- I. History -- II. Theory -- III. Statistics .-Chapter 2: A -- Hundred Flowers Blooming of Economics -- Section 1: A Mirror of Economic Doctrine History -- I. Classification of Economics -- II. Brief History of Economic Doctrines -- III. Crisis of Modern Western Economic Theory -- Section 2: The Integrator -- Marxist Political Economics -- I. The Formation and Development of Marxist Political Economics -- II. The Scientific Laws Revealed by Marxist Political Economics -- Section 3: The Intersection of Economics and Other Disciplines -- I. The Trend of Interdisciplinary Intersection -- II. The Intersection of Economics and Other Disciplines -- Chapter 3: The Prosperity of Economics with Chinese Characteristics -- Section -- 1: Theoretical Starting Point and Innovative Development of Economics with Chinese Characteristics -- I. Theoretical Starting Point -- II. Practical Exploration and Theoretical Innovation of CPC in Leading Economic Work -- Section 2: Theoretical Features of Economics with Chinese Characteristics -- I. People-centered Economics -- II. The Basic Features of Socialist Economic Operation -- Section 3: Development Trend of Economics with Chinese Characteristics -- I. Systematic Economic Theory -- II. A Hundred Schools of Thought Contending and the Mission of Chinese Economists -- PART TWO -- Exploration of History--Success and Loss of Global Modernization -- Chapter 4: A Brief History of Global Modernization -- Section 1: Modernization of Western European Countries -- I. A Brief Modernization History of Western European Countries -- II. The Loss of British Modernization in the Twentieth Century -- Section 2: Modernization of United States -- I. The Establishment of the American Capitalist System -- II. The Process of Economic modernization of United States -- Section 3: Modernization of Other Countries -- I. Modernization of Other European Countries -- II. Modernization of Asia, Oceania, Africa, and Latin America countries -- Chapter 5: An Economic Analysis of the Success and Loss of Global Modernization -- Section 1: Comparative Economic History and Modernization -- I. Research Methods of Comparative Economics -- II. Modernization from the perspective of comparative economic history -- Section 2: The Basic Laws of Economic modernization -- I. The Economic Analysis Framework of Economic modernization -- II. Key Factors of Economic modernization -- Section 3: The Basic Laws of System Modernization -- I. The Economic Analysis Framework of System Modernization -- II. Key Factors of System Modernization.-PART THREE.-New Generation's Mission for New Trail --The Universality and Particularity of Chinese Path to Modernization -- Chapter 6: Economic Analysis of Universality and Particularity of Chinese Path to Modernization -- Section 1: The Universality of Chinese Path to Modernization from the perspective of Economics -- I. A Consistent Logic of Economic modernization .-II. A Consistent Logic of System Modernization .-Section 2: The Particularity of China from the Perspective of Economic Modernization -- I.Development Economics and Two Types of Transformation -- II. Economic Operation and Two Types of Disequilibrium -- Section 3: The Particularity of China from the Perspective of System Modernization -- I. Planning System with Chinese Characteristics -- II. Development-oriented Finance System with Chinese Characteristics -- Chapter 7: To honor Commitment and take practical Actions of Chinese Path to Modernization -- Section 1: Chinese Path to Modernization Before the Reform and Opening Up -- I. Chinese Modernization in recent times -- II. Chinese Path to Modernization Under the Leadership of CPC Before the Reform and Opening up -- Section 2: Chinese Path to Modernization in the New Era of Reform, Opening Up, and Socialist Modernization -- I. Establishment of Socialist Market Economy and "Thought Guarantee" -- II. Modernization in the New Era of Reform, Opening Up, and Socialist Modernization -- Section 3: The New Journey of ChinesePath to Modernization and Theoretical Innovation -- I. High-quality Development Is of Paramount Importance in the New Era -- II. Implementing the New Development Philosophy -- III. The World Significance of Chinese Path to Modernization -- Conclusion:Where Does Modernization End?. .

China has become an innovation powerhouse in high-tech industries, but the widely held view assumes the Chinese model is built on technological borrowing and state capitalism. This book debunks the myths surrounding the Chinese model with a fresh take on China's strategies for technological innovation. The central argument is that indigenous innovation plays a critical role in transforming the Chinese high-tech industry. Like any successfully industrialized nation in history, indigenous innovation in China allows industrial enterprises to assimilate knowledge developed elsewhere, utilize science and technology resources and human capabilities accumulated in the country, and eventually approach the technological frontier. The question is, how do Chinese businesses and governments engage in indigenous innovation? Employing the "social conditions of innovative enterprise" framework developed by William Lazonick and colleagues, this book analyzes how the interaction of strategy, organization, and finance in leading Chinese high-tech firms underpinned by national institutions enables indigenous innovation with Chinese characteristics. It features detailed case studies of two critical high-tech industries--the telecom-equipment industry and the semiconductor industry--and within them, the business histories of leading Chinese innovators. The in-depth look into China's experience in indigenous innovation provides valuable lessons for advanced and emerging economies

This book is about how the activities of the Chinese sojourners in wartime India caused great concerns to the British colonial regime and the Chinese Nationalist government alike and how these sojourners responded to the surveillance, discipline, and check imposed by the governments.

Introduction -- What is urban planning? -- Putting all the pieces together: the main components of an urban plan -- Hot topics and urban planning challenges -- Getting involved and going further -- The part of tens