Suchergebnisse

The degree of openness in the service industry has been greatly improved since China's opening up to the outside world in 1978. FDI in services has grown substantially and it can be expected that China's service industry will become the most attractive field to foreign capital. In this article, the status and problems of FDI in the service industry are analysed. Empirical analysis of the effects and determinants of FDI in services shows that a positive relationship between FDI in services and the development of China's services industry is not evident. The economic effect of FDI in services is dependent on the interaction mechanisms between FDI and the levels of human capital available, R&D capability and China's open-door policy. FDI in services is positively influenced by the degree of openness, market scale and cumulative FDI, while a high wage rate acts as a deterrent to inward FDI. The scale and quality of FDI in services should be improved by increasing domestic absorptive capability and opening the service sector further under the WTO framework. (CIJ/GIGA)

This article empirically investigates the role played by agglomeration economies as location determinants and provides explanations for the spatial distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) in services in China from the perspective of regional characteristics. The generalised hypotheses on China's FDI in services are tested utilising a panel data of 17 provinces and cities from 2000 to 2010. The results find evidence that agglomeration economies appear to be significant pull factors. Growth potential, purchasing power and development of service industry have significant positive effects. It is suggested that FDI in services is conducted to access domestic markets, rather than serve as an export platform. The analysis reveals that government intervention has a deterrent impact and makes agglomeration economies play a more important role in attracting FDI. Population density, labour quality and labour cost do not exert significant effects on FDI inflow in services. (China/GIGA)

"With the advent of the Internet, and the resulting interconnection within a city and among cities, internet innovation has led to a number of important applications in economic and social fields, helping traditional industries upgrade and organizations gain new core competencies, thereby engendering new business models and new industries. This is what we refer to as the "Internet Plus". The "Internet Plus" action plan was first introduced by Premier Li Keqiang in his Government Work Report at the Third Plenary Session of the 12th National People's Congress on March 5, 2015. This book expounds how "Internet Plus" plan transforms and influences traditional economy, impacts technological and economic aspects of industries, extends its reach to people's daily lives and creates more profound social implications. In addition, the authors put forward constructive measures and suggestions for Shanghai to promote development of the "Internet Plus" era and to enhance the city's economic impact and service level as a core city."--

There is a big trend nowadays to use event-triggered proximity report for indoor positioning. This paper presents a generic received-signal-strength (RSS) threshold optimization framework for generating informative proximity reports. The proposed framework contains five main building blocks, namely the deployment information, RSS model, positioning metric selection, optimization process and management. Among others, we focus on Gaussian process regression (GPR)-based RSS models and positioning metric computation. The optimal RSS threshold is found through minimizing the best achievable localization root-mean-square-error formulated with the aid of fundamental lower bound analysis. Computational complexity is compared for different RSS models and different fundamental lower bounds. The resulting optimal RSS threshold enables enhanced performance of new fashioned low-cost and low-complex proximity report-based positioning algorithms. The proposed framework is validated with real measurements collected in an office area where bluetooth-low-energy (BLE) beacons are deployed. ; Funding agencies: European Union FP7 Marie Curie training programme on Tracking in Complex Sensor Systems [607400] ; TRAX

The commercial interest in proximity services is increasing. Application examples include location-based information and advertisements, logistics, social networking, file sharing, etc. In this paper, we consider positioning of devices based on a time series of proximity reports from a mobile device to a network node. This corresponds to nonlinear measurements with respect to the device position in relation to the network nodes. Motion model will be needed together with the measurements to determine the position of the device. Therefore, sequential Monte Carlo methods, namely particle filtering and smoothing, are applicable for positioning. Positioning performance is evaluated in a typical office area with Bluetooth-low-energy beacons deployed for proximity detection and report, and is further compared to parametric Cramér-Rao lower bounds. Finally, the position accuracy is also evaluated with real experimental data. ; Funding agencies: European Union FP7 Marie Curie Training Programme on Tracking in Complex Sensor Systems (TRAX) [607400]; NSFC [61701426]; Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Council [JCYJ20170307155957688, JCYJ20170411102101881]

Posterior Cramér-Rao bounds (CRBs) are derived for the estimation performance of three Gaussian process-based state-space models. The parametric CRB is derived for the case with a parametric state transition and a Gaussian process-based measurement model. We illustrate the theory with a target tracking example and derive both parametric and posterior filtering CRBs for this specific application. Finally, the theory is illustrated with a positioning problem, with experimental data from an office environment where the obtained estimation performance is compared to the derived CRBs. ; Funding agencies: ELLIT - Swedish Government; European Union FP7 Marie Curie training program on Tracking in Complex Sensor Systems (TRAX) [607400]; Senion; Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Council [JCYJ20170307155957688, JCYJ20170411102101881]; National Natural