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This paper mainly studies the market nonlinearity and the prediction model based on the intrinsic generation mechanism (chaos) of Bitcoin's daily return's volatility from June 27, 2013 to November 7, 2019 with an econophysics perspective, so as to avoid the forecasting model misspecification. Firstly, this paper studies the multifractal and chaotic nonlinear characteristics of Bitcoin volatility by using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) and largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) methods. Then, from the perspective of nonlinearity, the measured values of multifractal and chaos show that the volatility of Bitcoin has short-term predictability. The study of chaos and multifractal dynamics in nonlinear systems is very important in terms of their predictability. The chaos signals may have short-term predictability, while multifractals and self-similarity can increase the likelihood of accurately predicting future sequences of these signals. Finally, we constructed a number of chaotic artificial neural network models to forecast the Bitcoin return's volatility avoiding the model misspecification. The results show that chaotic artificial neural network models have good prediction effect by comparing these models with the existing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. This is because the chaotic artificial neural network models can extract hidden patterns and accurately model time series from potential signals, while the benchmark ANN models are based on Gaussian kernel local approximation of non-stationary signals, so they cannot approach the global model with chaotic characteristics. At the same time, the multifractal parameters are further mined to obtain more market information to guide financial practice. These above findings matter for investors (especially for investors in quantitative trading) as well as effective supervision of financial institutions by government.

The history of the Newborn Screening Program in Mainland China begins in 1981, when a pilot plan was developed that demonstrated the feasibility of its implementation. It has so far focused on the detection of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and phenylketonuria (PKU) to prevent or reduce mental and physical developmental retardation in children. Throughout this period, a total of 35,795,550 dried blood samples (DBS) of newborns (NB) have been analyzed for PKU, and 35,715,988 for CH. During this period, 3,082 cases with PKU have been diagnosed, resulting in an incidence of 1 case per 11,614 (95% confidence interval 11,218–12,039) live births. In relation to CH, 17,556 cases have been confirmed, arriving at an incidence of 1 case per 2,034(95% confidence interval 2,005–2,065) live births. The biggest challenge for universal newborn screening is still to increase coverage to mid-western area. In Mainland China, MS/MS newborn screening started in 2004. In a pilot study, 371,942 neonates were screened, and 98 cases were detected with one of the metabolic disorders, and the collective estimated prevalence amounted to 1 in 3795 (95% confidence interval 3,168–4,732) live births, with a sensitivity of 98.99%, a specificity of 99.83%, and a positive predictive value of 13.57%. The most important is to get the government's policy and financial support for expanded screening.

HaiTao Liu, Tao Yin, Wenjun Yan, Rui Si, Bo Wang, Mai Chen, Fei Li, Qiong Wang, Ling Tao Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China Abstract: Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, which is characterized by vascular remodeling of blood vessels, is an important complication in COPD. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-214 was differentially expressed by screening 13 candidate miRNAs in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Additionally, using luciferase assay in PASMCs, we found that phosphatase-and-tensin homolog (PTEN) was a target of miR-214. Furthermore, the expression of PTEN was found to be substantially downregulated in PASMCs from COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) compared with normal controls by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. In addition, we transfected PASMCs with miR-214 mimics, using real-time PCR and Western blotting, to confirm the miRNA/mRNA relationship. Furthermore, the introduction of miR-214 significantly promoted the proliferation of PASMCs by suppressing apoptosis of the cells, which was mediated by the downregulation of PTEN. Exposure to hypoxia significantly increased the expression of miR-214 and decreased the expression of PTEN in PASMCs, and its proliferation was significantly promoted. Such effects could be significantly attenuated by the introduction of miR-214 inhibitors, which significantly downregulated miR-214 expression and upregulated the expression of PTEN. In conclusion, hypoxia-induced upregulation of miR-214 was found to promote PH development by targeting PTEN in PASMCs, and miR-214 could be a promising diagnostic tool and novel therapeutic target in the management of hypoxia-induced PH in COPD. Keywords: hypoxia, pulmonary hypertension, miR-214, PTEN

Abstract Background In order to address several health challenges, the Chinese government issued the National Essential Public Health Services Package (NEPHSP) in 2009. In China's large cities, the lack of funding for community health centers and consequent lack of comprehensive services and high quality care has become a major challenge. However, no study has been carried out to estimate the cost of delivering the services in the package. This project was to develop a cost estimation approach appropriate to the context and use it to calculate the cost of the NEPHSP in Beijing in 2011. Methods By adjusting models of cost analysis of primary health care and workload indicators of staffing need developed by the World Health Organization, a model was developed to estimate the cost of the services in the package through an intensive interactive process. A total of 17 community health centers from eight administrative districts in Beijing were selected. Their service volume and expenditure data in 2010 were used to evaluate the costs of providing the NEPHSP in Beijing based on the applied model. Results The total workload of all types of primary health care in 17 sample centers was equivalent to the workload requirement for 14,056,402 standard clinic visits. The total expenditure of the 17 sample centers was 26,329,357.62 USD in 2010. The cost of the workload requirement of one standard clinic visit was 1.87 USD. The workload of the NEPHSP was equivalent to 5,514,777 standard clinic visits (39.23 % of the total workload). The model suggests that the cost of the package in Beijing was 7.95 USD per capita in 2010. The cost of the NEPHSP in urban areas was lower than suburban areas: 7.31 and 8.65 USD respectively. Conclusions The average investment of 3.97 USD per capita in NEPHSP was lower than the amount needed to meet its running costs. NEPHSP in Beijing is therefore underfunded. Additional investment is needed, and a dynamic cost estimate mechanism should be introduced to ensure services remain adequately funded.

Background. In order to address several health challenges, the Chinese government issued the National Essential Public Health Services Package (NEPHSP) in 2009. In China's large cities, the lack of funding for community health centers and consequent lack of comprehensive services and high quality care has become a major challenge. However, no study has been carried out to estimate the cost of delivering the services in the package. This project was to develop a cost estimation approach appropriate to the context and use it to calculate the cost of the NEPHSP in Beijing in 2011. Methods By adjusting models of cost analysis of primary health care and workload indicators of staffing need developed by the World Health Organization, a model was developed to estimate the cost of the services in the package through an intensive interactive process. A total of 17 community health centers from eight administrative districts in Beijing were selected. Their service volume and expenditure data in 2010 were used to evaluate the costs of providing the NEPHSP in Beijing based on the applied model. Results The total workload of all types of primary health care in 17 sample centers was equivalent to the workload requirement for 14,056,402 standard clinic visits. The total expenditure of the 17 sample centers was 26,329,357.62 USD in 2010. The cost of the workload requirement of one standard clinic visit was 1.87 USD. The workload of the NEPHSP was equivalent to 5,514,777 standard clinic visits (39.23 % of the total workload). The model suggests that the cost of the package in Beijing was 7.95 USD per capita in 2010. The cost of the NEPHSP in urban areas was lower than suburban areas: 7.31 and 8.65 USD respectively. Conclusions The average investment of 3.97 USD per capita in NEPHSP was lower than the amount needed to meet its running costs. NEPHSP in Beijing is therefore underfunded. Additional investment is needed, and a dynamic cost estimate mechanism should be introduced to ensure services remain adequately funded. ; Applied Science, Faculty of ; Nursing, School of ; Non UBC ; Reviewed ; Faculty