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During the past decades, there has been a shift in the governance structure of the power transmission and distribution (PTD) industry from a market-oriented scheme to vertical integration. Such a shift in industrial governance was driven by the change in national strategy from "market in exchange for technology" to "independent innovation". Under this new policy paradigm, the ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission technology was perceived as strategically important for the country. The State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), whose control over the industry was initially reduced in the reform, leveraged the paradigm shift in the state policy and strengthened its position in the industry by redefining the main and auxiliary services. The State Grid successfully brought back all UHV industry-related services, such as power design, equipment manufacturing, power grid construction and capital operation, into its main business category, which could be exempted from market competition according to state regulation. Eventually, the State Grid was able to establish strong vertical integration in the whole sector. (China/GIGA)

Contends that US policymakers should examine China's resistance to democratization, reassess the tools & assumptions of current democracy promotion efforts, & develop new strategies to foster democracy. Problems related to US notions, or delusions, that economic engagement & various institutions & instruments would lead China to democracy are outlined. Attention is then given to reasons underlying the Chinese authoritarianism's successful resistance to democracy; the Chinese people's simultaneous press for rights, anti-Americanism, & nationalism; & concrete steps to assist US democracy promotion. Adapted from the source document.

Why do the Chinese hate America? Why did some even gloat online over 9/11? Of course the Muslim fanatics wish to kill Americans, but many citizens of both Western & Eastern nations with which the US maintains friendly relations also see US foreign policy as wrong & as possibly creating a threat for them. Chinese anti-Americanism is not virulent; no terrorist plots have emerged. In fact, many Chinese who have negative feelings about the US actually like Americans as individuals. It is suggested that their antipathy toward America derives from a hypernationalist identity. Since the emergence of market capitalism, Beijing bolsters its control with a dual paradigm -- pursuing economic greatness for China & demonizing American power -- which they achieve through media propaganda & indoctrination through the educational system. However, the war of ideas is still very much alive in China, so it is suggested that Americans should continue to believe in & promote their own values. J. Stanton

Describes anti-Americanism in the People's Republic of China, particularly among the Internet generation, & examines the bases for this antipathy. While some in Washington have charged the communist regime & its instrument, the state media, with fomenting anti-Americanism, Chinese sentiments owe equally to real world events & developments, including lengthy Sino-American disagreements, an increase in Chinese nationalism, & post-1989 challenges in Chinese society. Each of these elements of Chinese anti-Americans is explicated, & the conclusion addresses implications for the future of Sino-American relations. K. Coddon

Ying Ma reviews 'China Dawn: The Story of a Technology and Business' by David Sheff.