Suchergebnisse

China has achieved an &ldquo ; economic miracle&rdquo ; with 40 years of continual high-speed growth and the simultaneous realization of global innovation prowess. In this study, a large panel dataset from 1985 to 2017 was used in an effort to explore how innovation (at the enterprise level), the flying geese model (at the global and national level), and intellectual property rights (IPR) protection (at the governmental level) have facilitated China&rsquo ; s sustainable economic development (SED). We employed ridge regression to compensate for the obvious multicollinearity among independent variables. For control purposes, we included multiple variables, namely, population, the labor force, the exchange rate, human capital, and research and development (R& ; D) expenditures. The results show that all three factors have significant explanatory power for China&rsquo ; s SED. First, either Total domestic patent applications or Total domestic patent grants by Chinese enterprises have overtaken those by their foreign counterparts and become a powerful engine for China&rsquo ; s SED. However, we understand that patent applications as a measure of innovation could overestimate China&rsquo ; s innovation capability more than patent grants. Second, the flying geese model can explain not only China&rsquo ; s SED but also China&rsquo ; s innovation diffusion at the global and national levels. From 1985 to 1992, China&rsquo ; s industrialization and innovation were mainly driven endogenously ; from 1993 to 2008, they were simultaneously driven exogenously and endogenously. Since 2009, they have gradually become predominantly endogenously driven. Third, China&rsquo ; s IPR protection has grown increasingly tighter at the governmental level, which has further facilitated China&rsquo ; s SED. About 98.5% (annually) of patent infringement disputes through the administrative protection system could be closed promptly between 2014 and 2017. Additionally, the proportion of infringed patent rights holders from foreign countries has been declining in recent years. The results significantly enrich the extant theories, and the analysis also has several key implications for actions that should be taken to maintain China&rsquo ; s sustainable economic growth ; specifically, China should (1) keep its opening-up policy so as to continually expand exports and attract foreign direct investment (FDI) ; (2) encourage innovation activities from domestic enterprises since they have been the stimulus of China&rsquo ; s SED ; (3) improve its IPR protection system, particularly its judicial protection system, so as to form a virtuous circle of innovation in China.

The Lhasa riots in 2008 re-captured the world's attention on the Tibet problem. As China continues to grow as a rising power, it raises a concern over whether the perception of a rising China will affect how American people think about the Tibet problem. In this article, the authors apply public opinion data to evaluate this question. The results show that the perception of China's hard power or soft power has little influence on Americans' view of the Tibet problem, while factors of political values and China's policy stance matter greatly. Our findings suggest that the huge difference in political values between the PRC and the US makes it tough for both sides to agree on a resolution to the Tibet problem. In the long term, China needs to improve its human rights record and present itself as a responsible great power to win over the hearts of foreign publics rather than conduct a public relations campaign according to its own imagination. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

In recent years, the economic development of China and India and their border confrontations have intensified bilateral strategic competition. This study used the State of Democracy in South Asia survey to identify dual mindsets of competition and contingency that drive how Indians perceive China's influence in Asia. These two mindsets are based on a cognitive schema characterized by a political predisposition against China. However, this negative orientation is moderated as more information is acquired regarding the impact of China on India. The competition mindset does not always manifest itself, and is only cognitively activated when a change is perceived in India's power status. On the other hand, the contingent principle appears whenever competition seems to have abated, or disadvantage seems unavoidable. The mindsets of competition and contingency are not only relevant to the evolution of Sino–Indian relations, but also explain how Indian policymakers behave and respond in international society.