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The Los Angeles riots shattered Korean immigrants' naive belief in the American dream. As many as 2,300 Korean shopkeepers lost their lifetime investments in one day. Korean immigrants had struggled for years to become economically independent through small businesses of their own. However, the riots made them realize how fragile their economic base is because their businesses are dependent on the impoverished, oppressed, and rebellious classes. In On My Own, In-Jin Yoon combines an intimate fieldwork account of Korean-black relations in Chicago and Los Angeles with extensive quantitative anal

This article deals with the current situation of language use, ethnic identity, and ethnic relations of Koreans in Central Asia. The primary set of data for this study came from a sample survey of 1,302 Koreans in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Moscow, Sankt Perterburg, and Sakhalin done in July 1997 through March 1998. Raymond Breton's concept of institutional completeness proved to be useful in explaining the regional and temporal differences in the level of assimilation of Koreans to Russian culture and society. High levels of education and occupational upward mobility of Koreans in urban areas, historical experiences and structural conditions have contributed to the assimilation of Koreans in Russian society. Nonetheless, Koreans have maintained high levels of ethnic identity primarily because ethnicity is a socially imposed and recognized marker, differentiating Koreans from others and limiting their life chances.