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"For centuries philosophers have wrestled with the dichotomy between individual freedom on the one hand and collective solidarity on the other. Yet today there is a growing realization that this template is fundamentally flawed. In this book, Mark Young embraces and advocates a more holistic concept of freedom; one which is not merely defined negatively but which positively provides the preconditions for individuals to actively exercise their autonomy and to flourish as human beings in the process. Young posits the idea of 'freedom in community' and traces its origin back to Aristotle. Taking as his premise that humans are deeply social beings who live their lives intricately interwoven with each other, he examines what type of political community is relevant for us in this post-Classical, post-Enlightenment and, indeed, post-Existential world. Identifying the failure of traditional 'statist' models of politics, Young instead argues for a civil society: a globally interlinked and free set of liberal communities as the best context for nourishing human flourishing. In this way we can achieve a proper setting for Eudaimonia in a modern sense."--Provided by publisher.

Philosophy of science has traditionally focused on the epistemological dimensions of scientific practice at the expense of the ethical and political questions scientists encounter when addressing questions of policy in advisory contexts. In this article, I will explore how an exclusive focus on epistemology and theoretical reason can function to reinforce common, yet flawed assumptions concerning the role of scientific knowledge in policy decision making when reproduced in philosophy courses for science students. In order to address this concern, I will argue that such courses should supplement the traditional focus on theoretical reason with an analysis of the practical reasoning employed by scientists in advisory contexts. Later sections of this paper outline a teaching strategy by which this can be achieved that consists of two steps: the first examines idealized examples of scientific advising in order to highlight the irreducible role played by moral reasoning in justifying policy recommendations. The second employs argument analysis to reveal implicit moral assumptions in actual advisory reports that form the basis for class discussion. This paper concludes by examining some of the wider benefits that can be expected from adopting such an approach.

This dissertation examines the ongoing influence of retro music cultures on post-1960s American artists and their representations of social, political, and economic change. Through a roughly decade-by-decade analysis of poetry, novels, film, and emerging technocultures, I make the case for a pendular dynamic of nostalgic art in the wake of the Civil Rights era—namely, a hope for revolutionary futures based on the past coupled with a backward-looking dirge for a Rubicon crossed, a moment of potential irretrievably lost. These twinned poles of optimism and pessimism share a nostalgic center in the music cultures of the past, emblematized in American art as agents of change and revolution, high water marks against which artists measure progressivism or cultural regression.

This paper proposes a new theory to account for the effects of underload on performance. Malleable attentional resources theory posits that attentional capacity can change size in response to changes in task demands. As such, the performance decrements associated with mental underload can be explained by a lack of appropriate attentional resources. These proposals were explored in a driving simulator experiment. Vehicle automation was manipulated at 4 levels, and mental workload was assessed with a secondary task. Eye movements were also recorded to determine whether attentional capacity varied with mental workload. The results showed a clear decrease in mental workload associated with some levels of automation. Most striking, though, were the results derived from the eye movement recordings, which demonstrated that attentional capacity varies directly with level of mental workload. These data fully supported the predictions of the new theory. Malleable attentional resources theory suggests that future vehicle designers should employ their technology in driver support systems rather than in automation to replace the driver. The implications of this theory are discussed with regard to capacity models of attention as well as to the design of future vehicle systems.

Cover -- Half Title -- The Human Factors of Simulation and Assessment -- Series Editors -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Editors -- Contributors -- Section I : Introduction -- Chapter 1: Prologue -- 1.1 Advance of Transport Simulators -- 1.2 What Is a Simulator? -- 1.3 Simulator Fidelity and Validity -- 1.4 Benefits of Simulators -- 1.5 Current Trends in Transport Simulators -- 1.6 Structure of This Book -- References -- Section II : Road -- Chapter 2: Driving Simulators for Research -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Theoretical Considerations for Simulated Driving Studies -- 2.2.1 Reliability -- 2.2.2 Validity -- 2.2.3 Fidelity -- 2.2.4 Presence -- 2.3 Practical Considerations for the Development and Running of a Driving Simulator -- 2.3.1 Safety -- 2.3.2 Simulator Sickness -- 2.3.3 Control -- 2.3.4 Cost -- 2.4 Building and Using a Driving Simulator for Research -- 2.4.1 Building a Simulator -- 2.4.2 Using a Simulator -- 2.4.2.1 Participant Selection -- 2.4.2.2 Incentives for Participants -- 2.4.2.3 Information and Consent -- 2.4.2.4 Familiarisation and Training with the Simulator -- 2.4.2.5 Sickness Prediction, Monitoring and Management -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Driver Training -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Types of Simulator Technology for Driver Training -- 3.3 Commercial Driver Training -- 3.4 Fidelity and Validity -- 3.5 Development of a Truck Driving Simulator -- 3.6 Transfer of Training -- 3.7 Simulator Sickness -- 3.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Motorcycle Simulator Solutions for Rider Research -- 4.1 Motorcyclists as Vulnerable Road Users -- 4.2 Human Factors and Research Requirements for Motorcycle Simulation -- 4.3 Review of Motorcycle Simulation Research -- 4.4 Evolution of Motorcycle Simulators -- 4.4.1 Comparisons of Motorcycle Simulators.

1. Introduction -- 2. Modelling a dynamic world -- 3. A complex approach to a complex scenario -- 4. Development of a study -- 5. Extending the potential of information networks : a Bayesian approach -- 6. Can we validate networks derived from incident data through simulation? A pilot study -- 7. Incidents versus accidents : an industrial study -- 8. Conclusion.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore commercial hospitality enterprise and its impact on settlement development in the American West during the 1800s, focussing on the story of the Fanthorp Inn in Texas, USA.Design/methodology/approachThe paper outlines the theory relating to entrepreneurial opportunity and applies it to the historical case of the Fanthorp Inn, Texas, USA. The methodological approach of the paper is based on an in‐depth study into the development of one tavern using multiple sources of evidence.FindingsFirst, opportunity on the frontier was controlled to the extent that it became objective in the Kirznerian sense. Second, commercial hospitality enterprise was used as a vehicle for settlement development in frontier America.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is limited by its use of one case study and the scarcity of sources of historical evidence. Further studies could engage with different examples of frontier hospitality businesses and develop the method further.Practical implicationsThe paper provides deeper understanding of settlement development in the American West during the 1800s and supplies a methodological framework with which further organisational research can engage with historical sources of data. The findings also suggest that opportunity exists relative to its context.Originality/valueThe paper explores hospitality as a context for entrepreneurial activity in the American West and uses a historical case study method.