Suchergebnisse

Article 21(3) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Rome Statute)1provides that the International Criminal Court must consider 'internationally recognized human rights' in its interpretation and application of applicable law. This article highlights the difficulty of meaningfully interpreting this reference to 'internationally recognized human rights' in accordance with the ordinary rules of treaty interpretation. These interpretative difficulties lead the article to adopt a practical focus, examining the initial jurisprudence of the Court utilizing this aspect of article 21(3), concluding that although such jurisprudence reveals a number of shortcomings, the provision's tremendous potential as a tool of evolution and innovation is evident.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Sexual Brains and Body Politics -- Chapter 2: Hormones and Hardwiring -- Chapter 3: Making Sense of Brain Organization Studies -- Chapter 4: Thirteen Ways of Looking at Brain Organization -- Chapter 5: Working Backward from "Distinct" Groups -- Chapter 6: Masculine and Feminine Sexuality -- Chapter 7: Sexual Orienteering -- Chapter 8: Sex-Typed Interests -- Chapter 9: Taking Context Seriously -- Chapter 10: Trading Essence for Potential -- Notes -- References -- Acknowledgments -- Index.

Ghost variables are variables in program languages that do not correspond to physical entities. This special issue, based on a panel on "Race as a Ghost Variable" at the 2017 Meeting of the Society for Social Studies of Science, traces ideas of "race" in particular niches of science, technology, and medicine where it is submerged and disavowed, yet wields power. Each paper is a case study exploring ghosts that emerge through the resonance among things as heterogeneous as hair patterns, hormone levels, food tastes, drug use, clinic locations, proximity to disaster, job classifications, and social belonging and suspicion, all of which vibrate with meanings accumulated over long racial histories. Together, the papers further elaborate methods and analytic models for identifying the operations of race—the relations and processes that make it, the effects that it has. A chief appeal of the metaphor of the ghost is that it brings the importance of history to the fore. Ghosts are simultaneously history and the present, not just an accretion of earlier experiences, but the palimpsest left when one tries to erase them. Sometimes faint and hard to discern, sometimes rambunctious and disruptive, ghosts refuse our attempts to simply move on.

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Using strategies from critical race studies and feminist studies of science, medicine, and the body, we examine the covert operation of race and region in a regulation restricting the natural levels of testosterone in women athletes. Sport organizations claim the rule promotes fair competition and benefits the health of women athletes. Intersectional and postcolonial analyses have shown that "gender challenges" of specific women athletes engage racialized judgments about sex atypicality that emerged in the context of Western colonialism and are at the heart of Western modernity. Here, we introduce the concept of "T talk" to refer to the web of direct claims and indirect associations that circulate around testosterone as a material substance and a multivalent cultural symbol. In the case we discuss, T talk naturalizes the idea of sport as a masculine domain while deflecting attention from the racial politics of intrasex competition. Using regulation documents, scientific publications, media coverage, in-depth interviews, and sport officials' public presentations, we show how this supposedly neutral and scientific regulation targets women of color from the Global South. Contrary to claims that the rule is beneficent, both racialization and medically-authorized harms are inherent to the regulation.

Drug control efforts are conventionally divided into supply-side (enforcement) and demand-side (preventive education and treatment) policies. The economic concept of factors of production can help illuminate the conditions that support drug consumption and distribution. The factors necessary for drug markets are a common venue; the buyers' access to the venue, desire for drugs, income, and perceived chance of impunity; and the sellers' labor, operating scope within the venue, supply of drugs, ways to spend or save money earned, and perceived chance of impunity. The optimal strategy for any situation will concentrate on those factors that can most readily be made scarce relative to the others.

Confronting Climate Crises through Education: Reading Our Way Forward examines ways fiction and non-fiction can shape an instructional lens designed to witness the environmental crises we face both culturally and globally while fostering a more ecologically conscious, globally-minded student body prepared to confront them.