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A review of Islamic economies and its implications for Iran
In: Scandinavian journal of development alternatives and area studies, Band 13, Heft 3, S. 117-139
ISSN: 0280-2791
World Affairs Online
Government Deficits and Inflation
In: The Journal of social, political and economic studies, Band 13, Heft 4, S. 395
ISSN: 0278-839X, 0193-5941
Political Parties, Deficits, and the Rate of Inflation: A Comparative Study
In: The Journal of social, political and economic studies, Band 11, Heft 4, S. 393
ISSN: 0278-839X, 0193-5941
Islamic Banking and Friedman's Rule
In: Review of social economy: the journal for the Association for Social Economics, Band 53, Heft 1, S. 65-87
ISSN: 1470-1162
Health risk assessment to fluoride in drinking water of rural residents living in the Poldasht city, Northwest of Iran
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 148, S. 426-430
ISSN: 1090-2414
Challenges on the recycling of cigarette butts
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 28, Heft 24, S. 30452-30458
ISSN: 1614-7499
Medicine storage, wastage, and associated determinants among urban households: a systematic review and meta-analysis of household surveys
BACKGROUND: Irrational household storage of medicines is a world-wide problem, which triggers medicine wastage as well as its associated harms. This study aimed to include all available evidences from literature to perform a focused examination of the prevalence and factors associated with medicine storage and wastage among urban households. This systematic review and meta-analysis mapped the existing literature on the burden, outcomes, and affective socio-economic factors of medicine storage among urban households. In addition, this study estimated pooled effect sizes for storage and wastage rates. METHODS: Household surveys evaluating modality, size, costs, and affective factors of medicines storage at home were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, SCOPUS, ProQuest, and Google scholar databases in 2019. Random effect meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were used to pool effect sizes for medicine storage and wastage prevalence among different geographical regions. RESULTS: From the 2604 initial records, 20 studies were selected for systematic review and 16 articles were selected for meta-analysis. An overall pooled-prevalence of medicine storage and real wastage rate was 77 and 15%, respectively. In this regard, some significant differences were observed between geographical regions. Southwest Asia region had the highest storage and wastage rates. The most common classes of medicines found in households belonged to the Infective agents for systemic (17.4%) and the Nervous system (16.4%). Moreover, income, education, age, the presence of chronic illness, female gender, and insurance coverage were found to be associated with higher home storage. The most commonly used method of disposal was throwing them in the garbage. CONCLUSIONS: Factors beyond medical needs were also found to be associated with medicine storage, which urges effective strategies in the supply and demand side of the medicine consumption chain. The first necessary step to mitigate home storage is establishing an adequate legislation and strict ...
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Using the combined model of gamma test and neuro-fuzzy system for modeling and estimating lead bonds in reservoir sediments
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 25, Heft 30, S. 30315-30324
ISSN: 1614-7499
Spatio-seasonal variation, distribution, levels, and risk assessment of airborne asbestos concentration in the most industrial city of Iran: effect of meteorological factors
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 28, Heft 13, S. 16434-16446
ISSN: 1614-7499
Dimensions of the Iranian Revolution: a Review Essay
In: The Western political quarterly, Band 37, Heft 2, S. 343-352
ISSN: 1938-274X
Municipal solid waste management during COVID-19 pandemic: effects and repercussions
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 28, Heft 25, S. 32200-32209
ISSN: 1614-7499
Benzo (a) pyrene in infant foods: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment
In: Reviews on environmental health, Band 0, Heft 0
ISSN: 2191-0308
Abstract
Exposure of infants to chemicals during their development will have major effects on their health. One of the major exposures of infants to chemicals is through their food. The main structure of infant food is milk, which is high in fat. There is a possibility of accumulation of environmental pollution, including benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). In this systematic review, the amount of BaP in infant milk was surveyed for this purpose. The chosen keywords were: benzo (a) pyrene, BaP, Infant formula, dried milk, powdered milk, and baby food. A total of 46 manuscripts were found in the scientific database. After initial screening and quality assessment, 12 articles were selected for extraction of data. By meta-analysis, the total estimate of BaP in baby food was calculated to be 0.078 ± 0.006 μg/kg. Estimation of daily intake (EDI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) for noncarcinogenic risk and Margin of exposure (MOE) for carcinogenic risk were also calculated for three age groups 0–6 months, 6–12 months, and 1–3 years. HQ was lower than 1 and MOE was more than 10,000 for three age groups. Therefore, there is no potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for infant health.
Spatial Distribution Variation and Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Exposure to Fluoride in Ground Water Supplies: A Case Study in an Endemic Fluorosis Region of Northwest Iran
Prevalence of fluorosis is a worldwide public health issue, especially in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate fluoride concentration in drinking water resources within Maku city, in both the warm and cold seasons, to perform a health risk assessment. Fluoride were measured using UV-visible spectrophotometry. The spatial distribution was calculated by the software ArcGIS and Hazard Quotients (HQs) were calculated according to the US EPA method. The fluoride concentrations ranged between 0.29 to 6.68 and 0.1 to 11.4 mg/L in the cold and warm seasons, respectively. Based on this report, 30.64 and 48.15% of the samples revealed a fluoride level higher than the permissible level in the cold and warm seasons, respectively. Moreover, results showed that the HQ value in the warm season for different age groups was higher than the HQ value in the cold season. In both seasons, the non-carcinogenic risks of fluoride for the four exposed populations varied according to the order: children > teenagers > adults > infants. The HQ values for three age groups (children, teenager and adults) for both seasons were higher than 1 with a high risk of fluorosis. The results of this study, support the requests that government authorities better manage water supplies to improve health quality.
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Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water of Khorramabad, Iran
The continuous urbanization and industrialization in many parts of the world and Iran has led to high levels of heavy metal contamination in the soil and then on the surface and groundwater. In this study, the concentrations of 8 heavy metals were determined in forty water samples along distribution drinking water of Khorramabad, Iran. The ranges of heavy metals in this study were lower than EPA and WHO drinking water recommendations and guidelines and so were acceptable. The mean values of CDI(total) of heavy metals concentrations in adults were found in the order of Zn > Ba > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cu > Cd > Mo. The health-risk estimation indicated that total hazard quotient (HQ(ing) + HQ(derm)) and hazard index values were below the acceptable limit, representing no non-carcinogenic risk to the residents via oral intake and dermal adsorption of water. Moreover, the results of total risk via ingestion and dermal contact showed that the ingestion was the predominant pathway. This study also presents that the carcinogenic risk for Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni were observed higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10(−6)). The present study will be quite helpful for both inhabitants in taking protective measures and government officials in reducing heavy metals contamination of urban drinking water. • The data analyzed in this study show a clear situation regarding the quality of drinking water in Khorramabad. • The results of this study can be used to improve and develop the quality of drinking water that directly affects the health of consumers. • The present study will be quite helpful for both inhabitants in taking protective measures and government officials in reducing heavy metals contamination of urban drinking water.
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