Suchergebnisse

WOS: 000385393700036 ; In this study had been investigated from cognitive ability to economic development in Turkey. Turkey has young population, and developing country. It has candidate member of European Union. It has member of OECD. This means that I compared with OECD countries Pisa examination. I used to EUROSTAT's data EU countries. The main objectives of this study are to compare developing and developed countries population and education system for economic and social development. Literature review, there are several papers and research human capital and economic development. We should be investigating multidisciplinary approach. Because it is differ from social, cultural, economic and political level. Bologna progress is obliged to regulate for member to EU. Research Methodology, in this study welfare level and GDP is dependent variable. Enrollment, student, education programs, population, employment, IQ tests and Pisa scores are independent variables. There is positive correlation individual and cognitive skill to human and social capital. But there is cultural and social effect for measurement. I find that high average scores are strongly associated with increases in school enrollments and large reductions in the unemployment. Data, I used official statistical data fort this paper. United Nations, OECD, EURESTAT, and World Banks data had been used also. Enrollments by educational institution 2014-2015 in Turkey, Preschool, enrollment student are 1156661, Primary school students are, 5434150, Junior high school students are 5278107, General high school, students are 2902954, Vocational and technical high school students are 2788117. Higher educational institutions students are 5139468 (2013-2014). Total enrollment student are 22715465. Classical method and programs is insufficient for in the World. Globalization, unemployment and for job ability requires new paradigm. I investigated and compared with these subjects.

In this study had been investigated regional cooperation Middle East countries. This study includes, literature revive, historical background, comparison research and submitted to simple model. In this model dependent variables is economic and social development, independent variables are, population, education, culture, fiscal capital etc. Regional cooperation, which are includes social, economic and cultural are based for development. Middle East countries should be revised some economic and social cooperation in the world. These matters are important for countries. In responses to global competition their market (EU, Asia, China, North Africa) have started diversifying into new markets and production. Contrary to other economic cooperation MENA countries are differ from social and economic condition. My hypothesis is important this matter.For example, from port of Liverpool to port of Lagos distance between is 4576 mile. Time is 19.1 days. Nigeria gained independent from UK 1960, after that coined south and north. From port of Le Havre to port of Continuo distance between is 4290 mile .Time is 17.9 days. Benin gained independent from France at 1960.Many years had been some difficulties for trade two countries. Therefore regional cooperation is important .In fact, two countries Commerce City distance between is 85 mile.In this work a theoretical study and a model proposal are prepared about the information of an economic – social and political cooperation among 14 Middle- East countries and about the birth of the idea of a new cooperation (unity) while entering 21'st. century.The cooperation like EU, AET and NAFTA, BR?C-S, LAFTA, NAFTA, EEC, MERCESUR, SHANGAY-5, has brought some facilities to the economic life. It is impossible for a country today to live survive a closed economy to other countries in our globalize world.We would argue that the defining issue of economic geography is the need to explain concentrations of population and of economic activity: the distinction between manufacturing belt and farm belt, the existence of cities, the role of industry clusters. (Fujita, 1999, p. 4)Generally we talk about measuring development, in order to decision for future. So we can choose a series of indicators in different social fields, mainly economics, to describe how a particular society has progressed over the time. There are other phrases that have become important in the public debate trying to explain what development really means to a society. Among these we have: Well-being, Welfare state, Developed countries, Reducing poverty, Solution unemployment, Quality of Life, Human development, Social development etc. Classical sectors are chanced today. Today society called "Knowledge society". Productive for work needs to quality education. Shortly, innovation policies criteria, globalization, WtrO rules, Wipo rule, Pisa scores requires new studies this field. Basically social and economic development has been result. I will explain reason and cause effect those reasons.Job creation is the first priorities in the MENA region. This model will be contributed to solution of unemployment. A free trade agreement (FTA) is a preferential arrangement among countries in which tariff rates among them are reduced to zero. However, different members of the arrangement may set external tariff for non- members at different rates (Krueger, 1997, p. 7) There are kind of agreement for example. Bilateral investment agreement, free trade agreement, regional investment agreement. I will try to my models similar to European Union.In sum up, according to Bell "Society can be viewed as three separate parts that, when integrated, create a harmonious relationship within society. The three parts: polity, market economy (techno-economic), and culture (human tradition) (Bell, 1976, p. 14) in addition to regional trade has impact of multiple effect some fields.