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On August 6, 1965, President Lyndon Johnson officially signed the Voting Rights Act (VRA) into law. This special day passed one of the most significant laws in American history and also marked one of the most critical moments in the civil rights movement, which is remembered and celebrated by many Americans. This paper aims to parse the underlying morality of the 1965 VRA based on the nature of the act and its immediate or indirect effects on the American people. Qualitative analysis based on primary and secondary sources is used as the primary research method, with Peter Singer's consequentialist ethics as the theoretical underpinning. No first-hand data is generated or used in this research. The analysis of the 1965 VRA's morality yields a positive moral appraisal. The consequentialist approach elucidates without ambiguity that the VRA is moral because it promoted happiness and fulfilled the moral requirement of lessening pains for minority voters. Although the act's impact gradually faded after the Shelby County ruling, the positive effects are not diminished to zero and thus should be acknowledged.

This article compares ethnomethodology to social systems theory and attempts to clarify their theoretical concerns, differences and similarities when synthetically considering the former as a practical logic of the latter. As two poles on a continuum of research methods, ethnomethodology is a microanalysis of social order and human agency, whereas systems theory assumes a macro and theoretical abstraction of system formation and social evolution. When attempts are made to solve the problems of the micro/macro, part/whole, or individual/society relation, this comparison is conducive to elucidating how the practical logic is implied on both micro and macro sides, and to enhance our understanding of the human social world. Three points are suggested. First, systems theory and ethnomethodology do not contradict each other; they are complementary in an intricately dialectical process. Second, ethnomethodology can be observed through indexical rather than objective expressions. Third, due to a higher level of abstraction of systems theory, this article argues that ethnomethodology can possibly be utilized to explicate and also be regarded as the practical logic of systems theory. This comparison may contribute to reformulating systems theory, and also to some philosophical puzzles.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impending relationship between the impact of the US–China trade war on Taiwanese firms' spending on R&D and their offshore investment in technologically advanced countries (TAC), the authors examined if changes in these firms' R&D ratios and the growing presence of skilled workers in Taiwan's labour market during the trade war have affected their offshore investments in TAC.Design/methodology/approach Using a model built on pooled cross-sectional time-series data from 2012–2019, the authors examined whether a change in R&D ratios of domestic firms in Taiwan and the growing presence of skilled workers in Taiwan's labour market have affected the offshore investment by these firms during the trade war. Using data from the Manpower Utilisation Survey, the authors applied differences–in–differences–in–differences and differences–in–differences–in–differences–in–differences estimation methods and found that the trade war indeed gave a boost to Taiwan's job market, particularly for skilled workers.Findings From the estimation results, the authors noticed a rise in employment opportunities alongside a decline in the earnings of skilled workers in industries where more firms have spent on R&D as well as invested in offshore operations. However, firms in Taiwan that had not heavily spent on R&D from industries where investment in foreign operations was otherwise high have also attracted skilled workers during the trade war.Practical implicationsAn in-depth analysis of the impact of the trade war on domestic firms' spending on R&D and their investment in offshore operations in TAC should be helpful to policymakers interested in understanding the effects of the trade war and subsequent changes in firms' spending on R&D on labour market outcomes. If changes in the R&D ratios and a steady supply of skilled workers influenced the outflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to TAC, this insight could be helpful for those devising policies and measures to curb the impact of the trade war on domestic spending on R&D.Originality/value The study findings not only provide broad lessons to policymakers in Taiwan, but the country case study can guide growing economies that are equally careful while perceiving trade war as a significant deterrent to domestic R&D spending and the outflow of FDI.

Numerous difficulties and problems are associated with learning in a project. To tackle these problems, in this paper, an integrated project management model is constructed for facilitating knowledge learning. First, the depth of a professional or management skill is defined and evaluated using the analytic hierarchical procedure. A project cannot start until the depth of every necessary skill reaches a certain level. There is also stepwise increase in the scores of successive projects. A systematic procedure composed of fifteen steps is then embedded in the system to facilitate project learning. The proposed methodology is applied to the development of an e-commerce application system.

Thailand has always been China's very friendly partner. Since Thailand islocated in the center of Southeast Asia, it is geographically close to China. The education cost in Thailand is considered low for Chinese families. The open policy of Thai government brings more opportunities to Thailand. Thailand has advantages in offering business opportunities, including international educational business. Due to the differences in language, cultural background, academic pressure, and climate, it is inevitable for Chinese students to encounter difficulties in Thailand. In order to assist Chinese students to meet their academic goals, and to serve the society and the community during their stay in Thailand, this research is designed to examine the composition of intercultural communicative competence and relationships between each components, clarify the main factors that affect intercultural communicative competence of Chinese students in Thailand, and build a model to improve intercultural communicative competence of Chinese students in Thailand.

Dissertation (Ph.D. (Management))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2018 ; Thailand has always been China's very friendly partner. Since Thailand is located in the center of Southeast Asia, it is geographically close to China. The education cost in Thailand is considered low for Chinese families. The open policy of Thai government brings more opportunities to Thailand. Thailand has advantages in offering business opportunities, including international educational business. Chinese students have become the major source of foreign students in Thailand since year 2006. Due to the differences in language, cultural background, academic pressure, climate, and etc., it is inevitable for Chinese students to encounter difficulties in Thailand. In order to help Chinese students to meet their academic goals, and be able to serve the society and the community during their stay in Thailand, the research is designed to examine the composition of intercultural communicative competence and relationships between each components, clarify the main factors that affect intercultural communicative competence of Chinese students in Thailand, and build a model to improve intercultural communicative competence of Chinese students in Thailand. ; [preview](https://repository.nida.ac.th/bitstream/662723737/4375/3/b204599e.pdf.jpg)

中國在2013年時提出帶路倡議,從陸地與海上擴大和周邊國家之間的經貿交流及設施聯通。這一重要政策不僅具有影響歐亞大陸政治版圖之潛力,同時也為美國利益帶來某程度上的衝擊。本文針對帶路倡議之發展現況與背景成因分析、檢視帶路倡議對美國產生何種影響,以及觀察川普政府如何應對中國帶路倡議的衝擊等面向進行討論。研究發現中國所提出帶路倡議是一項具有戰略性的政治與經濟目的,衝擊美國長期維持亞太地區領導地位與利益,美國川普政府則透過印太戰略的框架,採取具體應對作為。 ; Belt and Road Initiative is a strategic initiative proposed by China in 2013 to go with the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" that aims to maximize its economic and trade exchange and facility interconnection with the surrounding countries through land and sea. BRI not only carries the potential of affecting the political layout in Eurasia but brings the impact toward U.S. interest to a certain extent. This article analyzes development and motivation of BRI, what kind of the impact to U.S. and how U.S. responses in the Trump administration. As this article shows that BRI reflects China's strategic aims involving political and economic purposes. It's immense challenge to America's vital interest and leadership in the Asia-Pacific region. Trump administration utilizes the framework of Indo-Pacific strategy to conduct responses.

Among all aviation accidents in Taiwan&rsquo ; s general aviation industry from 1998 to 2016, human factors account for the most at 51.2%, including negligence of external obstacles, poor autopilot flight ability, poor resources management of the crew, inability to follow aviation regulations, lack of understanding of the landing area, not fully comprehending the operational functions and not alert to situations. Those factors have seriously affected flight safety. Resources management training for crew members may thus be the best measure to prevent human errors. Following the Evidence-Based Training (EBT) promoted by ICAO and International Air Transport Association (IATA), this study constructs the assessment indices of EBT for helicopter crews. After collecting the opinions of helicopter flight instructors of military and civil helicopter units, we apply the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) for the preliminary assessment guidelines, use the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to construct the hierarchy, and then calculate each criterion and each criterion weight.

The integration between electronic devices and networking enable convenient, comfortable, efficient and secure life. So there are a variety of smart home hubs and accessories migrating to daily life with all kinds of possibilities and extending the scope and coverage of Internet of Things (IoT). For an example, Amazon's Echo launched in June 2015 and offers amazing capabilities. Its artificial intelligence voice assistant Alexa is a breakthrough invention, and people can not only search information, play music, read daily news, and place order instantly but also control auxiliary devices as television, air conditions, curtains, lights by their voice. In addition, the membership of Amazon, a giant of e-commerce, has reached to 65 millions prime membership and promotes Echo with affordable price $ 179 and five millions sales record. To exploit the value of network of this emerging market, Amazon has welcomed and invited third-party vendors to develop unique voice skills together and to establish the ecosystem effectively. Although Google's Home launched lately in October 2016, its artificial intelligence voice assistant -Google Assistant is embedded strengths of Google search engine and sells for a competitive price $ 139 only. Google adopts the similar strategy to expand the eco-systems of smart home actively enhance smart home network effect with their huge resources. On the contrary, smart home hub vendors, Amazon, Google, and Samsung, not only compete each other, but also cooperate to enlarge this booming market together. For examples of cooperation case, the products of Nest which owned by Google compatible with Amazon's Echo. Relatively, smart home auxiliary vendors, Philips, Nest, and Smartthings, adopt several strategic alliance with smart home hub vendors to compete on the one side and cooperate on the other side. Therefore, the interaction between hub vendors and auxiliary device vendors is an amazing game and affects the development of IoT future. Our study will outline its competition status and answer the question "how do stakeholders of smart home market cooperate and compete each other in the emerging stage?" The research method adopts three steps analysis for thorough study of the question. The Resource-based model from industry organization to analyze those smart home hub vendors for the 1st step. Value net model, Porter's diamond model, and Ansoff matrix are analysis methods to be applied in the 2nd step for discussing external environment. And then, we enrich interaction discussion through case study as the last step. In the resource-based model, we address internal resources, capabilities, and core competences for both hub vendors and auxiliary device vendors to analyze competitive advantages. External analysis uses value net model to figure out how to develop strategies of horizontal and vertical competition in smart home industry. Also, we evaluate the capabilities of potential revenues and profits to analyze the relationship of each smart home hub enterprises, customers, suppliers, competitors, and complementors (smart home auxiliary vendors). Porter's diamond model mainly focuses on market demand and government policies whether affect enterprises decisions, and chooses Ansoff matrix to analyze the development of different smart home products in different markets development decisions. Based on the prior analysis results, then we can take overall analysis on market level about the co-opetition relationship of network effect on smart home.