Influence of interfacial structure on the mechanical and thermal properties of CrAlN/ZrN multilayer coatings
In: Materials and design, Band 106, S. 1-5
ISSN: 1873-4197
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In: Materials and design, Band 106, S. 1-5
ISSN: 1873-4197
In this paper, we investigate the impact of government control on investors' valuation of cash held by listed firms in China. We find strong and robust evidence that government control leads to a lower value of cash. Further evidence suggests that this negative impact is associated with significant agency costs of political expropriation rather than low financial constraints of the soft-budget effect. Moreover, our extended analyses reveal that the negative impact of government control on the value of cash depends on regional institutional development. In particular, in regions with high institutional development, government control reduces the value of cash, while in areas that are less developed, this negative impact is attenuated to some extent. Overall, our findings shed new light and add a further dimension to the literature, broadening our understanding of the impact of government intervention on the listed firms under its control.
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In: https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f4276fd-acef-4d27-ae63-687e51afd504
The conventional literature on the regional polarisation of innovation in China suggests that based on the granting and application of patents the Coastal region is at the forefront of innovation in China. However, the results of this paper based on cement firm capitalisation and their published CSR reports suggests that market capitalisation and access to financial resources is a more significant driver of innovation to reduce environmental air pollution than government laws, regulations or CSR guidelines. This finding does not contradict with endogenous economic growth theory which is based on innovation which asserts the importance of government intervention. Rather, the results of this paper suggests that government intervention should not be based solely on laws, regulations and CSR guidelines on environmental air pollution but that these should be aligned with subsidies to cement firms to help them to fund innovation. However, the government would also be able to fund research institutes specifically linked to the cement industry.
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In: ISSN:1746-8779
Purpose – This paper aims to explore the research and development (R&D) structure and the effect which R&D may have on economic growth in Hebei Province, PRC. Through the comparison of R&D efficiency in Hebei and that of seven other regions (with top economic performance in China), it tries to find out the right ways of improving R&D performance, in order to increase its contribution to economic growth. It concludes with practical suggestions for future R&D management in Hebei, and it also offers a useful evaluation framework for other regions. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the analysis of R&D census in 2000 in China and an investigation of 532 large and medium enterprises in Hebei Province, this paper presents a data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework to measure the effects of R&D on economic growth in China. Regional comparisons of R&D efficiencies are also carried out. Findings – Applying the DEA model, this paper finds out the shortcomings of R&D structure in Hebei Province as well as problems in R&D efficiency compared to some other regions. The R&D scale of Hebei is still at the stage of increasing returns to scale, and its ratio of basic research: applied research: development should be adjusted to 2.9:10.4:86.7 instead of 5.7:2.6:67.6. Through the investigation of 532 large and medium enterprises between 1998 and 2000 in Hebei, it was also found that the indigenous innovation is currently the main pattern of Hebei's enterprises. Originality/value – With the DEA model, this paper presents a useful evaluation model on R&D structure and contribution to economic growth in Hebei Province, PRC. A comparison of regional R&D efficiencies provides an important guideline for local governments with respect to future policy making. The framework used in Hebei Province in this paper offers a good reference for some other regions as well.
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In: Materials and design, Band 224, S. 111392
ISSN: 1873-4197
In: Survey review, Band 47, Heft 341, S. 79-86
ISSN: 1752-2706
In: Advances in applied ceramics: structural, functional and bioceramics, Band 106, Heft 5, S. 222-225
ISSN: 1743-6761
As the threats from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) increases gradually, to recognize and classify unknown UAVs have became more and more important in both civil and military security fields. Classification of signal modulation types is one of the basic techniques for specific UAV recognition. In this paper, to represent the hidden features involved in the transmitted signals from UAVs, we propose a two-dimensional squeezing transform (TDST) to characterize the UAV communication signals in a compressed time-frequency plane. The new time-frequency representation, TDST, retains the instantaneous characteristics of the UAV signal, and is with excellent data reduction and noise suppression capabilities. The TDST plane of different modulation types are then considered as input features, and we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on deep-learning to recognize the UAV signals. We design an interception system and consider 10 types of UAV signals with random initial phase, bandwidth and frequency offset. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
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In: Advances in applied ceramics: structural, functional and bioceramics, Band 109, Heft 7, S. 389-393
ISSN: 1743-6761
Currently, the authors are planning to launch a consortium effort toward Japan's first smart precision forestry project using laser data and to develop this technology throughout the country. Smart precision forestry information gathered using the Nagano model (laser scanning from aircraft, drone, and backpack) is being developed to improve the sophistication of forest information, reduce labor-intensive work, maintain sustainable timber productivity, and facilitate supply chain management by laser sensing information in collaboration with industry, academia, and government. In this paper, we outline the research project and the technical development situation of unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning.
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Currently, the authors are planning to launch a consortium effort toward Japan's first smart precision forestry project using laser data and to develop this technology throughout the country. Smart precision forestry information gathered using the Nagano model (laser scanning from aircraft, drone, and backpack) is being developed to improve the sophistication of forest information, reduce labor-intensive work, maintain sustainable timber productivity, and facilitate supply chain management by laser sensing information in collaboration with industry, academia, and government. In this paper, we outline the research project and the technical development situation of unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning.
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Genome sequencing, assembly and annotation were conducted by the Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China; mutual contracts were No. NHT140016 and NVT140016004. This work was supported by funding from the Scientific Project of Shenzhen Urban Administration (201519) and a Major Technical Research Project of the Innovation of Science and Technology Commission of Shenzhen (JSGG20140515164852417). Additional funding was provided in particular by the Scientific Research Program of Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJL201607). We thank X.Q. Wang, G.W. Hu, Z.D. Chen and Y.H. Guo for comments on gnetophyte phylogenetic relationships and ecological issues; H. Wu and X.P. Ning for discussion of related organ development; K.K. Wan and S. Sun for additional help on the analysis of repeats. We also thank X.Y. for support of funding coordination. Y.V.d.P. acknowledges the Multidisciplinary Research Partnership 'Bioinformatics: from nucleotides to networks' Project (no. 01MR0310W) of Ghent University, and funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under European Research Council Advanced Grant Agreement 322739-DOUBLEUP.
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The global nephrology community recognizes the need for a cohesive strategy to address the growing problem of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In March 2018, the International Society of Nephrology hosted a summit on integrated ESKD care, including 92 individuals from around the globe with diverse expertise and professional backgrounds. The attendees were from 41 countries, including 16 participants from 11 low- and lower-middle–income countries. The purpose was to develop a strategic plan to improve worldwide access to integrated ESKD care, by identifying and prioritizing key activities across 8 themes: (i) estimates of ESKD burden and treatment coverage, (ii) advocacy, (iii) education and training/workforce, (iv) financing/funding models, (v) ethics, (vi) dialysis, (vii) transplantation, and (viii) conservative care. Action plans with prioritized lists of goals, activities, and key deliverables, and an overarching performance framework were developed for each theme. Examples of these key deliverables include improved data availability, integration of core registry measures and analysis to inform development of health care policy; a framework for advocacy; improved and continued stakeholder engagement; improved workforce training; equitable, efficient, and cost-effective funding models; greater understanding and greater application of ethical principles in practice and policy; definition and application of standards for safe and sustainable dialysis treatment and a set of measurable quality parameters; and integration of dialysis, transplantation, and comprehensive conservative care as ESKD treatment options within the context of overall health priorities. Intended users of the action plans include clinicians, patients and their families, scientists, industry partners, government decision makers, and advocacy organizations. Implementation of this integrated and comprehensive plan is intended to improve quality and access to care and thereby reduce serious health-related suffering of adults and children affected by ESKD worldwide.
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In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV. © 2020, This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply. ; Peer reviewed
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