Suchergebnisse

Diese Dissertation enthält vier Essays über die Messung und Determinanten von Armut, Gender Gap, Ernährungsunsicherheit und Unterernährung in Pakistan. Alle Arbeiten verwenden aktuelle Methoden und Ansätze der einschlägigen Literatur und erweitern teilweise die angewandte Literatur. Eine Executive-Einführung motiviert die Papiere, Methoden, Daten und fasst die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zusammen. Das erste Papier vergleicht die objektive Einkommensarmut mit einer subjektiven Messung, bei der sich der Haushalt auf einer zehnstufigen Einkommensskala befindet. Sie stellt fest, dass einige Determin...

AbstractThis paper proposes a finite mixture model to identify the behavioral transition of calorie consumption with an assumption that nutrition consumption is a mixture of behaviors in two different stages: a poor stage and an affluent stage. Based on a meta‐analysis of 387 calorie‐income elasticities collected from 90 primary studies, it is found that the threshold income for calorie demand transition is $460 in 2012 prices. This implies that the transitional threshold for calorie consumption is $1.26/day, which is slightly lower than the World Bank's poverty line ($1.25/day in 2005 purchasing power parity prices) after deflation. This study provides a new empirical approach to evaluate the transition of calorie consumption and poverty line.

ABSTRACTBased on decision theory, this paper suggests a four-hurdle model to deal with zero and missing responses in the contingent valuation method with open-ended bidding, which is used to analyze the willingness to pay for blue skies in Beijing where air pollution is known to be very serious. The mean and the median of the predicted willingness to pay for blue skies per household are, respectively, 120.15 and 128.60 yuan, less than 0.2% of the per capita annual disposal income in Beijing. This is very low compared to results from studies of other countries. The empirical results also indicate that the four-hurdle model is superior to the Tobit model and raw data estimation.